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[Explosion]
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That's an IED?
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER: This week
on "Vice," $100 billion
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of taxpayer money goes
down the drain in Afghanistan.
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MAN, VOICE-OVER: For some reason,
when you're a bureaucrat,
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losing $40 million, $50 million,
you'll get a promotion.
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER:
Then, the battle to clean up Rio
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before the Olympics.
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_
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[Speaking native language]
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[Speaking native language]
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[Cheering]
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MAN: Uhh!
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MAN, VOICE-OVER: These helicopters
don't dare fly over here
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because two years ago, one was
shot down by an anti-aircraft gun.
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So, if you didn't
do a patrol for one day,
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they would put a bomb.
MAN: Yeah.
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SHANE: Let's
get out of here.
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Sync & corrections by honeybunny
www.addic7ed.com
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At the end of World War I,
the Treaty of Versailles
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forced a defeated Germany to pay
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severe war reparations
as punishment.
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However, the weight
of these payments
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led to total economic collapse,
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political chaos,
and intense nationalism,
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which in turn led
to the rise of Hitler
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and ultimately the start
of the Second World War.
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So, after Germany's defeat
in World War II,
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the U.S. and its allies
took on the burden
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of rebuilding a ruined Europe,
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because after the lessons
of World War I,
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we were determined not to make
the same mistakes twice.
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Ever since then, we have adopted
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this seemingly
counter-intuitive policy
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of promptly rebuilding
the countries
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that we just destroyed.
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And the latest country
on the receiving end
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of our "you break it, you buy
it" philosophy is Afghanistan.
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♪
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_
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We're here in Washington, D.C.,
at the offices of SIGAR,
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which stands for the Special
Inspector General
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for Afghanistan Reconstruction.
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Now, the Inspector General's
name is John Sopko,
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and he's been stirring up
a hornet's nest
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here in Washington
because he's exposing a lot of
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corruption, waste,
and mismanagement in Afghanistan
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and has caused quite a scandal.
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Now, before being
appointed by the president
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to gauge the actual scope of
fraud and waste in Afghanistan,
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John Sopko was a famously
tenacious prosecutor,
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renowned for helping take down
large parts of organized crime
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here in America.
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And today, he is cutting
a swath through the Pentagon,
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using the same "take no
prisoners" methods he used
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while fighting the Mob.
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SOPKO: What's interesting
here in Afghanistan,
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we're actually spending
more money on reconstruction
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in little Afghanistan,
it's about the size of Texas,
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as we did for any other country
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in the history of the United
States, including Germany.
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To date, that's been
around $100 billion.
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Yeah, that's about
what we've spent.
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More money spent
on Afghanistan,
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nearly $100 billion,
how's it going?
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Not well.
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_
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We're talking about the most
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corrupt country in the world.
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We're finding problems
time and time again
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by DoD, USAID,
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or any other government agency.
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SHANE: Even cases of
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our tax dollars being used
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or falling into
the hands of the Taliban.
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Oh, yeah. Yeah.
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♪
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER: One of the
biggest problems facing Afghanistan
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is electricity,
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because just one in 7 Afghans
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has any kind of regular access
to electric power.
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And as such, creating
a national power grid
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has been a top priority
for the government.
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And as part of its
reconstruction mandate,
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America has funded
hundreds of millions of dollars
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to try to bring more electricity
to Afghanistan.
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So, upon arriving in Kabul,
we went to see
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just how this money
has been spent.
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SHANE: How much
did it cost?
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_
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$300 million.
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And how many of
the power blocks
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are running right now?
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_
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Right.
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Now, everything's quiet,
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but this is humming.
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What's happening here?
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From...
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So, all of it is
being brought in
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from outside.
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER:
So, we spent over $300 million
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to build a power plant
to power Kabul
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but today 100%
of the power in Kabul
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actually comes from
outside the country.
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In fact, the power to run
the actual power plant
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that we just built
is being imported.
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SHANE: So, it's
105-megawatt plant.
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AHMADZAI: Yes.
What runs it?
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Diesel.
Yeah.
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Here? 9 million liters.
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And this is Power House A.
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How much is diesel per liter?
I don't even know.
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And if it's
$1.00 a liter,
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that means you have
$9 million of fuel there.
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Yeah.
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But we're getting more diesel.
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_
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10 million liters more.
Yeah.
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So, $10 million more.
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Whew.
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER:
Now, what they're saying here
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is that not only did we spend
hundreds of millions of dollars
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to build the actual power plant,
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but that we have to buy close
to $20 million worth of fuel
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to run the power plant
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that we don't use.
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Why? Because it's too expensive.
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So, diesel is so expensive
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that if you give
energy to Kabul,
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you lose 16 cents per kilowatt.
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So, it's backup.
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_
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Because if you run it,
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you lose too much money.
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Got it. Understood.
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You're spending a lot of money.
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[Laughter]
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER: Now, all of
this might seem like a joke,
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if it weren't for the fact that
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not only do we
build power plants
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that we can't actually use,
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but in many cases we don't even
collect the bills we are owed
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for providing the electricity.
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Why? Because after
12 years of occupation
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and almost a trillion dollars
spent on this conflict,
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many parts of Afghanistan
are still much too dangerous
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for the government bill
collectors to even go there.
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So, who collects
the money instead?
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The Taliban.
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SHANE: Correct me
if I'm wrong, but you know
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we invaded Afghanistan
with the sole purpose of
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getting the Taliban out.
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And now we're
building infrastructure
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for the Taliban to take over.
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That epitomizes the problem.
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A lot of times, as the
U.S. military pulls out,
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the Taliban
are right behind them.
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Then the buildings just turn
over to the insurgency.
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER: In an effort
to see just how bad
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things have gotten
in Afghanistan,
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we traveled south to Kandahar,
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where stories of
corruption and waste
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have reached
astronomical proportions.
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♪
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SHANE: We're going
into the Air Force base
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just outside of Kandahar,
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which is the home
of the Taliban,
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where they bought
Russian helicopters
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for about a billion dollars
that don't work.
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So, we're gonna go see if
we can go see them right now.
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I think the worst case so far
of just stupid waste
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has been the purchase of the
helicopters and the airplanes
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for the Afghan air wing.
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It's clearly risking that those
planes and those helicopters
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are just gonna end up
on the tarmac rusting.
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_
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Ah, is that an older
helicopter there?
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_
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So, how many of the new Russian
helicopters does he have?
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1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
7 new helicopters?
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And America bought
the helicopters.
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Does he think that
everybody's ready
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for when the Americans pull
out to protect the area?
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Good answer.
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No. They can't even
use the planes
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they currently have.
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Only 7 of the 47 pilots
that we found
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could actually do
counterterrorism missions,
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because they weren't
night flight capable.
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Over 70% of the
maintenance is being done
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by U.S. contractors,
not by the Afghans.
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They don't have the pilots,
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they don't haze
the ground crews,
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they don't
have the workers to...
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So, why are we buying them?
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That's a good question.
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That's 700-some million,
almost a billion.
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700 million to buy helicopters
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that the Afghans can't support,
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can't fly, can't use.
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Yeah.
OK, that's bad.
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That's bad.
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And this is the
dirty little secret:
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the Afghan government raises
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about $2 billion a year.
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In taxes.
In taxes.
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The amount of money you need,
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just to support the
Afghan National Security
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forces every year,
is over 4 billion.
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SHANE, VOICE-OVER:
So, these helicopters,
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which don't even fly now because
there aren't enough crews,
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cost almost half
the total amount
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that Afghanistan collects
for their entire country.
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Which begs the question,
"What in God's name
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is going to happen
to them when we leave?"
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In fact, as America
pulls out of Afghanistan,
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more and more of our
aid projects are losing
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any possibility of
oversight whatsoever.
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And when you travel
outside the urban centers,
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far away from the scrutiny of
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our shrinking forces
on the ground there,
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you don't have to look very far
to find the extent
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of fraud and corruption
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that American taxes are
paying for every day.
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The Afghan Border Police took us
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to a scrapyard
outside of Kandahar
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that they told us
was a well-known front
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for black market
American equipment.
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And because it's a very
quote unquote hot area,
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far away from any
coalition forces,
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they advised us
to wear local garb,
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as just being seen
in American clothes
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is enough to make you a target.
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Are there containers
from America here?
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_
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SHANE: These are
all engines?
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_
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00:10:59,275 --> 00:11:01,576
MAN: And they just
cut it from here.
266
00:11:01,611 --> 00:11:03,345
Cut it.
Cut it.
267
00:11:03,379 --> 00:11:05,280
That's why they
just don't need it.
268
00:11:05,314 --> 00:11:08,116
SHANE: So, they have mountains
of engines that they cut.
269
00:11:08,150 --> 00:11:10,185
I mean, you can
see the cut marks
270
00:11:10,219 --> 00:11:12,921
so that they can, "A,"
sell the engine
271
00:11:12,955 --> 00:11:14,756
and then "B," get a new engine
272
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:17,192
so that they can invoice
for another engine.
273
00:11:17,226 --> 00:11:18,760
SHANE, VOICE-OVER:
Upon seeing Border Police
274
00:11:18,794 --> 00:11:20,662
and foreigners and film crews,
275
00:11:20,696 --> 00:11:23,198
the director of the scrapyard
came out to talk to us
276
00:11:23,232 --> 00:11:25,433
and convince us that
he was actually running
277
00:11:25,468 --> 00:11:26,635
a legitimate business.
278
00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:29,418
_
279
00:11:29,538 --> 00:11:31,106
Hello.
Nice to meet you.
280
00:11:31,693 --> 00:11:34,882
_
281
00:11:35,002 --> 00:11:36,058
_
282
00:11:36,178 --> 00:11:38,213
Oh, thank you very much.
283
00:11:38,247 --> 00:11:41,016
Removal operations
from the Kandahar region.
284
00:11:43,953 --> 00:11:46,054
So, basically,
this is the contract
285
00:11:46,088 --> 00:11:48,323
from the Department of Defense
286
00:11:48,357 --> 00:11:50,325
saying that this is all OK,
287
00:11:50,359 --> 00:11:53,228
that this is a DLA
Disposition Services.
288
00:11:53,262 --> 00:11:55,096
Who buys the, the, the...
289
00:11:55,216 --> 00:11:56,946
_
290
00:11:57,066 --> 00:11:58,700
From Afghanistan?
291
00:11:58,734 --> 00:11:59,834
From Pakistan?
292
00:11:59,954 --> 00:12:01,834
_
293
00:12:01,954 --> 00:12:04,316
_
294
00:12:04,436 --> 00:12:08,357
_
295
00:12:08,477 --> 00:12:09,744
So, the Border Police
are saying
296
00:12:09,779 --> 00:12:11,179
that it is going to Pakistan.
297
00:12:11,714 --> 00:12:15,586
_
298
00:12:15,706 --> 00:12:16,966
_
299
00:12:17,086 --> 00:12:18,586
Well, where's that tire?
300
00:12:18,621 --> 00:12:20,141
Here, can you come here
for one second?
301
00:12:21,624 --> 00:12:24,125
Because when we see
brand-new engines
302
00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:25,327
that have just been cut
303
00:12:25,361 --> 00:12:27,028
or a brand-new
tire...
304
00:12:27,063 --> 00:12:28,530
and you can see right here that
305
00:12:28,564 --> 00:12:29,898
they've just got an arc welder
306
00:12:29,932 --> 00:12:31,399
and cut a circle around it.
307
00:12:31,744 --> 00:12:33,182
_
308
00:12:33,302 --> 00:12:34,769
SHANE: Military
or contractors?
309
00:12:34,889 --> 00:12:35,885
_
310
00:12:36,005 --> 00:12:37,572
So, the contractors
are destroying
311
00:12:37,606 --> 00:12:38,740
their own equipment?
312
00:12:38,774 --> 00:12:39,908
Why are they cutting it?
313
00:12:41,046 --> 00:12:42,325
_
314
00:12:42,445 --> 00:12:43,545
Why?
315
00:12:43,665 --> 00:12:47,605
_
316
00:12:48,151 --> 00:12:49,065
_
317
00:12:49,185 --> 00:12:51,086
But it's bad.
318
00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:53,588
They're, they're
taking material,
319
00:12:53,622 --> 00:12:55,724
they're breaking it
so they can sell it.
320
00:12:57,208 --> 00:12:58,769
So, the American people
are giving money
321
00:12:58,794 --> 00:13:00,128
and it's being thrown away.
322
00:13:02,121 --> 00:13:04,241
SHANE, VOICE-OVER: Now,
whether or not the contractors
323
00:13:04,266 --> 00:13:06,468
are deliberately sabotaging
their own gear
324
00:13:06,502 --> 00:13:08,803
in order to fraudulently
re-invoice
325
00:13:08,838 --> 00:13:12,107
or they're indeed trying to
destroy American war material
326
00:13:12,141 --> 00:13:14,109
so as not to be used
by the enemy,
327
00:13:14,143 --> 00:13:16,244
the end result is the same
328
00:13:16,278 --> 00:13:18,947
because the engines,
the tires, the generators,
329
00:13:18,981 --> 00:13:21,216
and other raw materials
that we are dumping
330
00:13:21,250 --> 00:13:24,019
are in many cases
being sent to Pakistan.
331
00:13:24,464 --> 00:13:27,703
_
332
00:13:27,992 --> 00:13:30,139
_
333
00:13:30,259 --> 00:13:32,761
So, they sell
the metal to Pakistan
334
00:13:32,795 --> 00:13:34,863
and Pakistan then makes
weapons from it.
335
00:13:36,263 --> 00:13:38,743
SHANE, VOICE-OVER: And in this
region when people say Pakistan,
336
00:13:38,768 --> 00:13:42,103
in most cases what they really
mean is the Taliban.
337
00:13:42,138 --> 00:13:45,273
Because the Pakistani Taliban
runs much of the tribal regions
338
00:13:45,307 --> 00:13:48,043
that butt up against
Kandahar province.
339
00:13:48,077 --> 00:13:49,611
So, the materials
that the contractors
340
00:13:49,645 --> 00:13:52,414
are destroying and selling
to the Pakistanis
341
00:13:52,448 --> 00:13:55,316
end up coming right back across
the border in many forms,
342
00:13:55,351 --> 00:13:58,319
the most insidious
of which are IEDs.
343
00:14:10,132 --> 00:14:12,067
SHANE: How many IEDs
do they get
344
00:14:12,101 --> 00:14:14,002
around here every week?
345
00:14:14,546 --> 00:14:17,217
_
346
00:14:17,581 --> 00:14:20,323
_
347
00:14:20,443 --> 00:14:23,144
SHANE: In the last 6 months,
you had 9,000 IEDs.
348
00:14:24,180 --> 00:14:26,314
[Explosion]
349
00:14:26,348 --> 00:14:27,449
That's an IED?
350
00:14:27,569 --> 00:14:30,131
_
351
00:14:31,287 --> 00:14:33,128
SHANE, VOICE-OVER:
IEDs account for more deaths
352
00:14:33,155 --> 00:14:35,857
than any other cause
in the Afghan war.
353
00:14:35,925 --> 00:14:38,126
And the most common place
the Taliban put them
354
00:14:38,160 --> 00:14:40,728
is in the culverts that run
beneath the transport roads.
355
00:14:40,763 --> 00:14:43,898
We got wind of a problem
356
00:14:43,933 --> 00:14:46,101
with the culvert denial system.
357
00:14:46,135 --> 00:14:47,502
It's not that sophisticated.
358
00:14:47,536 --> 00:14:49,037
It's basically
you got a culvert,
359
00:14:49,071 --> 00:14:50,672
you got a hole,
water runs underneath
360
00:14:50,706 --> 00:14:52,874
a road or a little bridge.
361
00:14:52,908 --> 00:14:54,609
And that was a perfect place
362
00:14:54,643 --> 00:14:56,244
for the bad guys to put bombs,
363
00:14:56,278 --> 00:14:58,713
so, it's logical
you would set up
364
00:14:58,747 --> 00:14:59,981
a system where you would have
365
00:15:00,015 --> 00:15:02,283
bars or grates
so people couldn't...
366
00:15:02,318 --> 00:15:03,284
the water could come through
367
00:15:03,319 --> 00:15:05,086
but the bombers couldn't.
368
00:15:05,121 --> 00:15:07,989
SHANE: So, this is one of
the major roads out of Kandahar,
369
00:15:08,023 --> 00:15:11,159
which is a hot city, the
founding place of the Taliban.
370
00:15:11,193 --> 00:15:13,895
This culvert, it used
to have bars on it
371
00:15:13,929 --> 00:15:15,930
and now they've
just taken the bars off.
372
00:15:15,965 --> 00:15:17,599
So, this is prime for an IED.
373
00:15:17,633 --> 00:15:19,167
[Horn honking]
374
00:15:19,201 --> 00:15:20,201
SHANE, VOICE-OVER: And when
the Investigator General
375
00:15:20,236 --> 00:15:21,736
and his team went
to check on the status
376
00:15:21,770 --> 00:15:23,538
of the culvert denial grates,
377
00:15:23,572 --> 00:15:25,874
almost all of them had
either been removed
378
00:15:25,908 --> 00:15:28,009
or never even been installed.
379
00:15:29,011 --> 00:15:30,478
SHANE: So, there
were bars there,
380
00:15:30,513 --> 00:15:32,046
they took out the bars,
381
00:15:32,081 --> 00:15:34,282
but now this is
a very busy road
382
00:15:34,316 --> 00:15:35,984
in a very dangerous city,
383
00:15:36,018 --> 00:15:37,746
you could put an IED in there.
384
00:15:38,007 --> 00:15:40,042
_
385
00:15:40,162 --> 00:15:42,972
_
386
00:15:43,092 --> 00:15:46,427
It really highlights the
fact that fraud kills.
387
00:15:46,462 --> 00:15:49,531
We have no idea what
culverts had been fixed
388
00:15:49,565 --> 00:15:51,900
because the record keeping
is so poorly done.
389
00:15:51,934 --> 00:15:53,268
Which seems minor until...
390
00:15:53,302 --> 00:15:55,203
Our coalition forces go over it
391
00:15:55,237 --> 00:15:56,437
and a bomb goes off.
392
00:15:56,472 --> 00:15:59,340
MAN ON RADIO: ...9-2,
think we just hit an IED.
393
00:15:59,375 --> 00:16:00,275
I'll copy.
394
00:16:00,309 --> 00:16:02,844
Have there been IEDs
on this road before?
395
00:16:03,257 --> 00:16:04,486
_
396
00:16:04,606 --> 00:16:08,163
_
397
00:16:08,283 --> 00:16:13,073
_
398
00:16:13,193 --> 00:16:17,807
_
399
00:16:18,597 --> 00:16:20,237
So, if you didn't do
a patrol for one day,
400
00:16:20,262 --> 00:16:22,363
they would put a bomb.
MAN: Yeah.
401
00:16:22,398 --> 00:16:25,066
OK, let's get out of here.
Thank you.
402
00:16:26,936 --> 00:16:31,139
When's the last time
somebody lost a star,
403
00:16:31,173 --> 00:16:32,340
if he's a general.
404
00:16:32,374 --> 00:16:35,043
When's the last time
a bureaucrat
405
00:16:35,077 --> 00:16:38,346
lost a pay raise even,
or he lost his job,
406
00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:41,382
for losing 50 million
or screwing up.
407
00:16:41,417 --> 00:16:43,451
There's no
personal accountability.
408
00:16:43,485 --> 00:16:46,554
If you lost $35 million,
you would lose your job.
409
00:16:46,589 --> 00:16:49,757
SHANE: Yeah. If I lost $3
million, I'd lose my job.
410
00:16:49,792 --> 00:16:51,512
Yeah.
For some reason when you're a general,
411
00:16:51,527 --> 00:16:53,161
for some reason when
you're a bureaucrat
412
00:16:53,195 --> 00:16:54,929
in our foreign
assistance program,
413
00:16:54,964 --> 00:16:57,498
losing $30 million,
$40 million, $50 million,
414
00:16:57,533 --> 00:17:02,503
- $100 million, $700 million,
you'll get a promotion. - Right.
415
00:17:02,538 --> 00:17:04,239
SHANE, VOICE-OVER: Now, despite
our ridiculously poor
416
00:17:04,273 --> 00:17:06,541
track record of aid
in Afghanistan,
417
00:17:06,575 --> 00:17:09,143
and even though America is
continually losing its ability
418
00:17:09,178 --> 00:17:12,347
to oversee these aid projects
in any way whatsoever,
419
00:17:12,381 --> 00:17:14,515
the U.S. government
has recently pledged
420
00:17:14,550 --> 00:17:16,584
to continue
funding reconstruction
421
00:17:16,619 --> 00:17:20,655
at the same levels as today
until at least 2017.
422
00:17:20,689 --> 00:17:22,690
Thereby almost assuring the fact
423
00:17:22,725 --> 00:17:25,593
that tens of billions
of dollars more
424
00:17:25,628 --> 00:17:30,565
will be sunk into this mire of
corruption, fraud, and waste.
425
00:17:30,599 --> 00:17:34,736
♪
426
00:17:37,206 --> 00:17:39,240
In the next few years,
Brazil is set to host
427
00:17:39,275 --> 00:17:42,644
two of largest international
sporting events on earth.
428
00:17:42,678 --> 00:17:45,079
In 2014, they will be hosting
the World Cup,
429
00:17:45,114 --> 00:17:47,949
which is the most widely viewed
sporting event in the world,
430
00:17:47,983 --> 00:17:52,353
and in 2016, Rio de Janeiro will
be home to the Summer Olympics.
431
00:17:52,388 --> 00:17:54,055
Now, the Brazilian government,
in an effort to present
432
00:17:54,089 --> 00:17:55,790
a modern and safe city,
433
00:17:55,824 --> 00:17:58,293
is racing to confront
Rio's devastating levels
434
00:17:58,327 --> 00:17:59,727
of poverty and crime
435
00:17:59,762 --> 00:18:02,130
before hundreds and thousands
of spectators
436
00:18:02,164 --> 00:18:05,566
from all over the world arrive
in Rio for both events.
437
00:18:05,601 --> 00:18:08,102
So, in an effort to clean up
the hyper-violent slums,
438
00:18:08,137 --> 00:18:09,837
or as they are known
in Brazil, the "favelas,"
439
00:18:09,872 --> 00:18:11,639
that encircle the entire city,
440
00:18:11,674 --> 00:18:13,808
the government has launched
an aggressive crackdown
441
00:18:13,842 --> 00:18:15,677
or, as they call it,
a pacification,
442
00:18:15,711 --> 00:18:17,211
of the well-armed drug lords
443
00:18:17,246 --> 00:18:19,847
that still rule over
huge swaths of the city.
444
00:18:19,882 --> 00:18:23,351
So, we sent Ben Anderson to the
slums of Rio to see firsthand
445
00:18:23,385 --> 00:18:24,786
how this effort is going,
446
00:18:24,820 --> 00:18:26,721
and how safe the city
will actually be
447
00:18:26,755 --> 00:18:29,691
for the upcoming World Cup
and 2016 Olympics.
448
00:18:29,725 --> 00:18:33,861
_
449
00:18:36,803 --> 00:18:38,510
_
450
00:18:38,801 --> 00:18:41,436
This favela was pacified
over 18 months ago
451
00:18:41,470 --> 00:18:43,771
and the shock troops--
the police special forces--
452
00:18:43,806 --> 00:18:46,140
are still walking around
like it's Fallujah
453
00:18:46,175 --> 00:18:48,036
at the height of the Iraq war.
454
00:18:48,271 --> 00:18:51,512
♪
455
00:18:57,855 --> 00:18:59,673
_
456
00:18:59,793 --> 00:19:01,793
_
457
00:19:01,913 --> 00:19:03,536
_
458
00:19:03,656 --> 00:19:05,240
_
459
00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:06,414
_
460
00:19:06,534 --> 00:19:08,042
_
461
00:19:08,162 --> 00:19:10,045
_
462
00:19:10,165 --> 00:19:12,033
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
This Police Pacification Unit
463
00:19:12,067 --> 00:19:14,035
is patrolling
the Rocinha favela,
464
00:19:14,069 --> 00:19:17,505
which was supposedly pacified
over 17 months ago.
465
00:19:17,539 --> 00:19:20,842
One of about 1,000 favelas
in Rio, these slums,
466
00:19:20,876 --> 00:19:24,278
home to 1.4 million people,
are a cobbled together,
467
00:19:24,313 --> 00:19:26,981
densely packed patchwork
of tiny houses
468
00:19:27,015 --> 00:19:29,317
that surround the entire city.
469
00:19:29,351 --> 00:19:32,787
These favelas are the source of
Rio's overwhelming problem of
470
00:19:32,821 --> 00:19:36,185
gangs, drugs,
violence, and murder.
471
00:19:36,305 --> 00:19:39,139
_
472
00:19:39,259 --> 00:19:41,134
_
473
00:19:41,254 --> 00:19:43,057
_
474
00:19:43,293 --> 00:19:45,117
_
475
00:19:45,415 --> 00:19:46,221
_
476
00:19:46,341 --> 00:19:48,286
_
477
00:19:48,583 --> 00:19:49,625
_
478
00:19:52,074 --> 00:19:54,675
This is definitely
a serious, heavy-handed
479
00:19:54,710 --> 00:19:55,743
military occupation.
480
00:19:55,778 --> 00:19:57,678
This isn't, um--there's no
481
00:19:57,713 --> 00:20:00,769
hearts and minds or
community outreach here.
482
00:20:02,117 --> 00:20:04,285
BEN, VOICE-OVER: BOPE are
the police special forces
483
00:20:04,319 --> 00:20:06,220
and they don't shy away
from describing
484
00:20:06,255 --> 00:20:08,990
what it is they do
in the favelas.
485
00:20:09,024 --> 00:20:11,025
BEN: So, is this
a military occupation,
486
00:20:11,059 --> 00:20:13,628
or are you here with the
consent of the population?
487
00:20:14,347 --> 00:20:16,755
_
488
00:20:17,259 --> 00:20:22,512
_
489
00:20:22,632 --> 00:20:29,443
_
490
00:20:29,563 --> 00:20:33,295
_
491
00:20:33,415 --> 00:20:34,816
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
But some in Rio claim that
492
00:20:34,850 --> 00:20:36,851
the strong-armed tactics
of the pacification
493
00:20:36,885 --> 00:20:40,922
go too far and can even,
at times, be lethal.
494
00:20:40,956 --> 00:20:44,025
So, this is in a favela
called Rocinha,
495
00:20:44,059 --> 00:20:46,661
which is being pacified.
496
00:20:46,695 --> 00:20:48,830
The main problem seems to be,
497
00:20:48,864 --> 00:20:52,099
although the major drug
traffickers are removed,
498
00:20:52,134 --> 00:20:55,670
sometimes the police
can be just as bad.
499
00:20:55,704 --> 00:20:57,238
BEN, VOICE-OVER: We met up
with one of pacification's
500
00:20:57,272 --> 00:21:00,775
most outspoken critics,
Marcelo Freixo,
501
00:21:00,809 --> 00:21:02,844
a former teacher
turned politician
502
00:21:02,878 --> 00:21:04,345
and now whistleblower,
503
00:21:04,379 --> 00:21:06,380
who at times has been
forced into hiding
504
00:21:06,415 --> 00:21:09,784
for claiming that this program
has led to the abuse of power,
505
00:21:09,818 --> 00:21:12,520
torture, or even
the sudden disappearance
506
00:21:12,554 --> 00:21:14,355
of suspected criminals.
507
00:21:14,389 --> 00:21:16,724
Officially they're saying
that because of pacification
508
00:21:16,758 --> 00:21:18,659
the homicide rate
is going down.
509
00:21:18,694 --> 00:21:19,727
Is that true?
510
00:21:20,010 --> 00:21:22,108
_
511
00:21:22,228 --> 00:21:23,336
_
512
00:21:23,456 --> 00:21:25,210
_
513
00:21:25,639 --> 00:21:28,009
_
514
00:21:28,129 --> 00:21:30,948
_
515
00:21:31,068 --> 00:21:35,724
_
516
00:21:35,754 --> 00:21:37,154
So, are you saying
the homicide rate
517
00:21:37,179 --> 00:21:38,746
could actually be going up,
518
00:21:38,780 --> 00:21:41,015
but the figures are
hidden in missing bodies
519
00:21:41,049 --> 00:21:43,832
and death by
undetermined causes?
520
00:21:43,952 --> 00:21:48,776
_
521
00:21:49,098 --> 00:21:53,193
_
522
00:21:53,313 --> 00:21:56,969
_
523
00:21:57,310 --> 00:21:59,948
_
524
00:21:59,979 --> 00:22:02,379
BEN, VOICE-OVER: Although the
official murder rates are down,
525
00:22:02,404 --> 00:22:03,725
the number of people
going missing
526
00:22:03,739 --> 00:22:07,041
has gone through the roof,
leaving some to speculate that
527
00:22:07,075 --> 00:22:10,156
one statistic is just
making up for the other.
528
00:22:12,347 --> 00:22:15,449
And when a body is actually
found, the homicide police are
529
00:22:15,484 --> 00:22:20,354
often not quite sure where the
killing originally took place,
530
00:22:20,389 --> 00:22:22,256
which seems likely with this man
531
00:22:22,291 --> 00:22:24,762
found in the trunk
of a stolen car.
532
00:22:24,882 --> 00:22:28,720
♪
533
00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:31,098
BEN: So, every time
she finds a bullet hole,
534
00:22:31,133 --> 00:22:33,034
she's putting
a cotton bud in there.
535
00:22:33,068 --> 00:22:35,836
And he's got 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
536
00:22:35,871 --> 00:22:40,659
9, 10, 11, 12 bullet holes
at least in his back.
537
00:22:40,779 --> 00:22:45,392
_
538
00:22:45,671 --> 00:22:48,215
_
539
00:22:48,335 --> 00:22:50,108
_
540
00:22:50,228 --> 00:22:54,504
_
541
00:22:54,624 --> 00:23:00,262
_
542
00:23:00,382 --> 00:23:04,713
_
543
00:23:04,763 --> 00:23:06,243
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
But as we discovered,
544
00:23:06,268 --> 00:23:08,102
when it comes to
the favelas of Rio,
545
00:23:08,136 --> 00:23:11,138
the drug dealers aren't
the only possible suspects.
546
00:23:11,173 --> 00:23:15,109
The government has only pacified
about 20% of Rio's favelas,
547
00:23:15,143 --> 00:23:18,579
those surrounding the tourist
sites and wealthy neighborhoods.
548
00:23:18,614 --> 00:23:19,947
Many of the remaining favelas
549
00:23:19,982 --> 00:23:22,817
are left to the mercy
of militias.
550
00:23:22,851 --> 00:23:24,418
These Mafialike gangs made up of
551
00:23:24,453 --> 00:23:26,654
corrupt ex-
and current policemen
552
00:23:26,688 --> 00:23:29,790
keep their areas in line
and drug free through extortion,
553
00:23:29,825 --> 00:23:32,526
excising their own tax on
residents, for things like
554
00:23:32,561 --> 00:23:34,428
electricity and water,
555
00:23:34,463 --> 00:23:37,865
and many times, through
unrestrained violence.
556
00:23:37,899 --> 00:23:39,859
We had the chance to speak
with one militia leader
557
00:23:39,868 --> 00:23:41,736
about Rio's drug
and murder problem
558
00:23:41,770 --> 00:23:44,005
if we agreed to hide
both his identity
559
00:23:44,039 --> 00:23:45,806
and the favela he controls.
560
00:23:45,841 --> 00:23:47,174
BEN: So, is it
fair to say that
561
00:23:47,209 --> 00:23:49,677
the state is taking control of
562
00:23:49,711 --> 00:23:52,213
the favelas closest to
the middle class areas,
563
00:23:52,247 --> 00:23:54,882
the rich areas,
and the tourist areas,
564
00:23:54,916 --> 00:23:56,083
and they're leaving the rest
565
00:23:56,118 --> 00:23:57,705
to you and the traffickers?
566
00:23:57,966 --> 00:24:01,552
_
567
00:24:01,828 --> 00:24:05,362
_
568
00:24:05,482 --> 00:24:08,844
_
569
00:24:08,964 --> 00:24:10,998
So, what would happen
if you caught me selling
570
00:24:11,033 --> 00:24:12,633
marijuana in this neighborhood?
571
00:24:13,203 --> 00:24:15,002
_
572
00:24:15,806 --> 00:24:20,162
_
573
00:24:20,824 --> 00:24:23,049
_
574
00:24:25,814 --> 00:24:27,281
And when you've taken an area,
575
00:24:27,315 --> 00:24:29,483
how do you keep control of it?
576
00:24:29,832 --> 00:24:34,889
_
577
00:24:35,009 --> 00:24:39,102
_
578
00:24:39,222 --> 00:24:42,888
_
579
00:24:43,008 --> 00:24:46,251
_
580
00:24:46,371 --> 00:24:49,117
_
581
00:24:49,237 --> 00:24:50,905
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
The remaining 350 favelas
582
00:24:50,939 --> 00:24:53,074
that have not been
pacified by the government
583
00:24:53,108 --> 00:24:55,009
and are not ruled by militias
584
00:24:55,043 --> 00:24:57,878
are completely in the hands
of the drug gangs.
585
00:24:57,913 --> 00:25:00,981
Their control over these
neighborhoods is absolute.
586
00:25:01,016 --> 00:25:03,284
Traffickers can
import, cut, and bag
587
00:25:03,318 --> 00:25:05,953
huge amounts of drugs
without fear.
588
00:25:06,540 --> 00:25:09,282
_
589
00:25:09,402 --> 00:25:11,372
_
590
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:15,029
So, they're cutting
two bricks of pure coke
591
00:25:15,063 --> 00:25:17,832
with about a kilogram
of baking soda,
592
00:25:17,866 --> 00:25:20,267
so, it's going to be strong.
593
00:25:20,302 --> 00:25:21,635
While they're doing it,
594
00:25:21,670 --> 00:25:24,305
they're definitely all getting
high off their own supply.
595
00:25:24,339 --> 00:25:26,407
[Chatter]
596
00:25:27,585 --> 00:25:29,186
BEN: Do you have
any fear that the police
597
00:25:29,211 --> 00:25:30,839
will come and raid this place?
598
00:25:31,099 --> 00:25:34,599
_
599
00:25:34,719 --> 00:25:36,679
_
600
00:25:38,553 --> 00:25:40,982
I've never seen so much
coke in my life.
601
00:25:42,273 --> 00:25:43,834
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
The drugs are then sold
602
00:25:43,859 --> 00:25:45,426
openly on the streets.
603
00:25:45,460 --> 00:25:48,496
The flow of business
on this corner was constant.
604
00:25:48,530 --> 00:25:50,431
BEN: No one seems
even vaguely scared
605
00:25:50,465 --> 00:25:51,705
that the police are gonna come.
606
00:25:51,733 --> 00:25:52,833
Why is that?
607
00:25:53,173 --> 00:25:56,239
_
608
00:25:56,359 --> 00:25:59,305
_
609
00:25:59,425 --> 00:26:01,186
_
610
00:26:01,306 --> 00:26:03,058
_
611
00:26:03,178 --> 00:26:04,712
They pay the police
not to come.
612
00:26:05,167 --> 00:26:07,324
_
613
00:26:07,444 --> 00:26:10,015
_
614
00:26:10,341 --> 00:26:16,768
_
615
00:26:18,930 --> 00:26:20,771
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
Although the dealers are known
616
00:26:20,796 --> 00:26:22,897
for their ultraviolent
drug battles,
617
00:26:22,931 --> 00:26:24,865
unlike the shock troops
and the militias,
618
00:26:24,900 --> 00:26:27,935
who rely ultimately on fear
to secure their favelas,
619
00:26:27,969 --> 00:26:29,436
the drug lords win local support
620
00:26:29,471 --> 00:26:32,072
by throwing massive,
all night dance parties
621
00:26:32,107 --> 00:26:35,142
with the best sound systems
and famous singers and emcees.
622
00:26:35,177 --> 00:26:38,078
♪
623
00:26:38,113 --> 00:26:40,714
So, we're at a massive
street party.
624
00:26:40,749 --> 00:26:42,983
There's grandparents here,
there's little kids here.
625
00:26:43,018 --> 00:26:45,085
It feels safe.
It feels like everyone's happy.
626
00:26:45,120 --> 00:26:47,855
It feels like
a real great community.
627
00:26:47,889 --> 00:26:49,456
It feels like it'd be
a fun place to live.
628
00:26:49,491 --> 00:26:51,192
Until you bump into a teenager
629
00:26:51,226 --> 00:26:53,060
with an assault rifle
on his shoulder,
630
00:26:53,094 --> 00:26:55,229
it's easy to forget
where you are.
631
00:26:55,263 --> 00:26:58,199
Even police helicopters
don't dare fly over here,
632
00:26:58,233 --> 00:26:59,433
because two years ago,
one was shot down
633
00:26:59,467 --> 00:27:02,203
by an anti-aircraft gun.
634
00:27:02,237 --> 00:27:03,237
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
As you make your way
635
00:27:03,271 --> 00:27:04,805
through the massive party,
636
00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:06,887
it's clear that
the drug dealing business
637
00:27:07,007 --> 00:27:08,736
is alive and well in Rio.
638
00:27:09,244 --> 00:27:11,004
And although the Government
is trying to hide
639
00:27:11,012 --> 00:27:14,215
the drugs, crime, and violence
from the tourists,
640
00:27:14,249 --> 00:27:18,118
as I found out the next morning,
it isn't completely contained.
641
00:27:18,153 --> 00:27:19,486
Only two blocks away from one of
642
00:27:19,521 --> 00:27:21,755
the most famous beaches
in the world,
643
00:27:21,790 --> 00:27:24,825
I stumbled upon
a grisly crime scene.
644
00:27:24,860 --> 00:27:26,627
BEN: It's, uh,
about 7:30 in the morning.
645
00:27:26,661 --> 00:27:29,897
We're one block away
from Copacabana Beach.
646
00:27:29,931 --> 00:27:31,832
Scene of all the images you see
647
00:27:31,867 --> 00:27:34,001
in the promotion of Rio, Brazil
648
00:27:34,035 --> 00:27:36,103
and the World Cup
and the Olympics,
649
00:27:36,137 --> 00:27:38,200
and there's a young boy
in the street
650
00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:40,678
who looks like he's been
shot in the head.
651
00:27:43,222 --> 00:27:44,942
BEN, VOICE-OVER:
With hundreds and thousands
652
00:27:44,967 --> 00:27:48,202
about to descend on Rio
for the World Cup and Olympics,
653
00:27:48,237 --> 00:27:49,637
hopefully the government
has done enough
654
00:27:49,671 --> 00:27:52,173
to make sure visitors are safe.
655
00:27:52,207 --> 00:27:54,208
But for the people
who live here,
656
00:27:54,243 --> 00:27:58,146
they know it's just as bad as
ever because just over the hill,
657
00:27:58,180 --> 00:28:02,784
the ugly side of Rio remains
as bloody and corrupt as ever.
658
00:28:02,818 --> 00:28:04,485
And as the militia leader
told us...
659
00:28:05,246 --> 00:28:07,219
_
660
00:28:07,748 --> 00:28:11,797
_
661
00:28:12,107 --> 00:28:15,035
_
662
00:28:15,330 --> 00:28:19,333
♪
663
00:28:21,183 --> 00:28:31,818
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