1 00:00:02,003 --> 00:00:06,905 In 1939, World War Two exploded across Europe. 2 00:00:06,974 --> 00:00:10,709 The second world war was the largest single event in human history. 3 00:00:10,778 --> 00:00:12,511 55 million people were killed. 4 00:00:12,580 --> 00:00:15,547 As civilization in Europe collapsed, 5 00:00:15,616 --> 00:00:20,052 one brave woman fought against the tide of war. 6 00:00:20,121 --> 00:00:23,389 She saw that the second world war 7 00:00:23,457 --> 00:00:26,625 presented an existential challenge. 8 00:00:26,694 --> 00:00:31,663 It became the overriding moment of truth. 9 00:00:31,732 --> 00:00:36,135 She faced the greatest evil in all of human history. 10 00:00:36,203 --> 00:00:38,303 Could she survive? 11 00:00:45,646 --> 00:00:48,747 This program was made possible in part 12 00:00:48,816 --> 00:00:50,749 by the El-Hibri foundation, 13 00:00:50,818 --> 00:00:52,918 embracing faith in humanity. 14 00:00:52,987 --> 00:00:56,688 And the following institutions and individuals. 15 00:01:48,342 --> 00:01:50,175 In 1940, 16 00:01:50,244 --> 00:01:54,046 the Germans conquered France and most of Europe. 17 00:01:54,115 --> 00:01:56,882 The second world war had begun. 18 00:01:56,951 --> 00:01:59,918 Two years before the Americans entered the war, 19 00:01:59,987 --> 00:02:02,321 Britain was on its own. 20 00:02:02,389 --> 00:02:04,656 Desperate, they struck back at the Germans 21 00:02:04,725 --> 00:02:07,159 in one of the few ways they could: 22 00:02:07,228 --> 00:02:09,862 By creating a secret organization... 23 00:02:09,930 --> 00:02:16,301 the special operations executive... the SOE. 24 00:02:16,370 --> 00:02:19,271 The mission of SOE was not to gather intelligence; 25 00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:22,341 it wasn't an espionage outfit. 26 00:02:22,409 --> 00:02:24,676 It was, quote, "to set Europe ablaze." 27 00:02:24,745 --> 00:02:29,348 It was to carry out sabotage, blow up trains, blow up boats, 28 00:02:29,416 --> 00:02:31,717 canals, railroads, 29 00:02:31,785 --> 00:02:36,421 to make contact with resistance groups in occupied Europe, 30 00:02:36,490 --> 00:02:39,525 which could then be supplied from Britain. 31 00:02:39,593 --> 00:02:44,096 In the past, wars were fought according to a book of war. 32 00:02:44,165 --> 00:02:46,565 They're fought on battlefields between men in uniform. 33 00:02:46,634 --> 00:02:48,667 But the SOE was completely different. 34 00:02:48,736 --> 00:02:52,504 Churchill has an interest in kind of sabotage and subversion, 35 00:02:52,573 --> 00:02:56,775 and is keen to try alternative forms of warfare. 36 00:03:04,752 --> 00:03:06,785 Stop! 37 00:03:07,821 --> 00:03:10,622 You, halt! 38 00:03:25,573 --> 00:03:27,739 This alternative warfare 39 00:03:27,808 --> 00:03:29,675 opened up a surprising opportunity 40 00:03:29,743 --> 00:03:34,313 for one SOE recruit... Noor Inayat Khan, 41 00:03:34,381 --> 00:03:38,717 the daughter of an Indian father and an American mother. 42 00:03:38,786 --> 00:03:41,426 This is the first opportunity, really, I think, 43 00:03:41,450 --> 00:03:43,088 for a group to actually employ women 44 00:03:43,157 --> 00:03:46,191 and deploy them in an operational capacity. 45 00:03:46,260 --> 00:03:50,662 To her fellow trainees, Noor was a mystery... 46 00:03:50,731 --> 00:03:53,031 a petite woman with a Muslim name, 47 00:03:53,100 --> 00:03:56,401 a refugee from German-occupied France. 48 00:03:58,739 --> 00:04:01,246 They knew that for two years she had served 49 00:04:01,271 --> 00:04:03,666 in the British women's auxiliary air force 50 00:04:03,711 --> 00:04:09,915 as a radio operator and trained in the bomber command. 51 00:04:09,984 --> 00:04:16,388 In many ways she was an ideal candidate for the SOE's French network. 52 00:04:16,457 --> 00:04:18,890 She was plunged into this world 53 00:04:18,959 --> 00:04:22,561 where everything that she thought about or did 54 00:04:22,630 --> 00:04:27,299 related to the mission that she was being prepared for. 55 00:04:27,368 --> 00:04:30,202 Surviving war office documents 56 00:04:30,271 --> 00:04:34,106 describe Noor as emotional and imaginative. 57 00:04:34,174 --> 00:04:37,976 Her superiors remarked on her selfless dedication. 58 00:04:38,045 --> 00:04:40,746 The motive for her accepting the present task 59 00:04:40,814 --> 00:04:42,781 is apparently idealism. 60 00:04:42,850 --> 00:04:47,152 She was longing to do something more active in the prosecution of the war, 61 00:04:47,221 --> 00:04:50,555 something which would make more call on her capabilities, 62 00:04:50,624 --> 00:04:53,125 and perhaps demand more sacrifice. 63 00:04:54,795 --> 00:04:59,298 There was something that seemed almost unworldly about her, 64 00:04:59,366 --> 00:05:01,199 which struck them as exotic. 65 00:05:01,268 --> 00:05:03,435 And given her name and her background, 66 00:05:03,504 --> 00:05:06,705 I'm sure this played into a sort of sense of her. 67 00:05:06,774 --> 00:05:11,176 Noor's instructors saw this uncommon idealism 68 00:05:11,245 --> 00:05:14,513 as a distraction, another obstacle for a woman 69 00:05:14,581 --> 00:05:18,817 already unprepared for the true reality of warfare. 70 00:05:18,886 --> 00:05:23,488 These were male instructors who were used to teaching male recruits, 71 00:05:23,557 --> 00:05:26,291 and all of a sudden, they'd been asked to train women. 72 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:30,329 And some of them were very reticent about doing that. 73 00:05:30,397 --> 00:05:33,732 But her skill on the radio was unquestioned. 74 00:05:33,801 --> 00:05:38,403 SOE radio operators were desperately needed in France. 75 00:05:38,472 --> 00:05:41,340 Their average survival time was only 6 weeks 76 00:05:41,408 --> 00:05:45,510 before the Nazi tracking trucks hunted them down. 77 00:05:45,579 --> 00:05:47,346 This was the most important role 78 00:05:47,414 --> 00:05:49,581 and the most difficult one to master, 79 00:05:49,650 --> 00:05:51,550 so their training was much more extensive 80 00:05:51,618 --> 00:05:55,087 than those that were going in as couriers or organizers, for example. 81 00:05:55,155 --> 00:05:59,391 While Noor excelled at operating the radio, 82 00:05:59,460 --> 00:06:04,996 she often lost focus when coding and uncoding the wireless messages. 83 00:06:05,065 --> 00:06:07,165 Seizing on this weakness, 84 00:06:07,234 --> 00:06:11,370 her instructors recommended against making Noor an agent of the SOE, 85 00:06:11,438 --> 00:06:14,740 ignoring her skills, discounting her years of training, 86 00:06:14,808 --> 00:06:18,577 and attempting to end her career before it even began. 87 00:06:20,247 --> 00:06:24,750 Noor's damaging training reports were sent to London. 88 00:06:27,020 --> 00:06:32,090 The head of SOE France was Maurice Buckmaster. 89 00:06:32,159 --> 00:06:34,559 Maurice Buckmaster was, it seems to me, 90 00:06:34,628 --> 00:06:36,094 a very unlikely character 91 00:06:36,163 --> 00:06:40,499 who'd been part of the Ford motor company in Paris, 92 00:06:40,567 --> 00:06:43,568 so he knew his way around Paris, he was fluent in French. 93 00:06:43,637 --> 00:06:47,839 Buckmaster was enraged at Noor's evaluation. 94 00:06:47,908 --> 00:06:52,577 He needed every radio operator available. 95 00:06:52,646 --> 00:06:54,746 Get me Marks! 96 00:06:54,815 --> 00:06:58,917 Leo Marks was the head of communications at SOE, 97 00:06:58,986 --> 00:07:00,719 the chief cryptologist, 98 00:07:00,788 --> 00:07:03,588 and a genius of codes and secret messages. 99 00:07:03,657 --> 00:07:06,324 He was only 22 at the time. 100 00:07:06,393 --> 00:07:09,594 He was essentially given the entire task 101 00:07:09,663 --> 00:07:11,863 of figuring out which codes to use, 102 00:07:11,932 --> 00:07:14,166 how to train agents to use them, 103 00:07:14,234 --> 00:07:17,335 and how to train an army of cipher clerks 104 00:07:17,404 --> 00:07:19,504 in how to decrypt those codes. 105 00:07:19,573 --> 00:07:20,973 And that was a big task for somebody 106 00:07:20,997 --> 00:07:23,608 who was essentially the age of a college student. 107 00:07:23,677 --> 00:07:26,978 And his skill was that he could communicate with agents 108 00:07:27,047 --> 00:07:29,247 and teach them how to use these codes. 109 00:07:29,316 --> 00:07:30,749 Sir? 110 00:07:30,818 --> 00:07:32,551 Come in, Marks. 111 00:07:34,555 --> 00:07:38,623 I want you to look into the background of this trainee. 112 00:07:38,692 --> 00:07:43,195 For Buckmaster, Marks was Noor's last, best hope. 113 00:07:43,263 --> 00:07:45,730 The only way she could overturn the rejection 114 00:07:45,799 --> 00:07:48,433 was to pass Marks' final review. 115 00:07:48,502 --> 00:07:50,769 For some reason, Noor struggled with her coding, 116 00:07:50,838 --> 00:07:54,272 and Marks would have to find out why. 117 00:07:54,341 --> 00:07:56,708 Noor Inayat Khan? 118 00:07:56,777 --> 00:07:58,810 Figure this girl out. Dig into it. 119 00:07:58,879 --> 00:08:00,779 They've already rejected her? 120 00:08:00,848 --> 00:08:02,747 Yes, and they went over my head to do it. 121 00:08:02,816 --> 00:08:04,282 It's nonsense! 122 00:08:04,351 --> 00:08:06,685 So, do whatever it takes, Marks, 123 00:08:06,753 --> 00:08:11,790 and make sure she passes that final coding briefing with you as well. 124 00:08:11,859 --> 00:08:13,592 We need this one. 125 00:08:13,660 --> 00:08:17,462 I'll take care of it, sir. You can count on me. 126 00:08:20,934 --> 00:08:22,734 The file Marks was given 127 00:08:22,803 --> 00:08:24,803 contained all her training evaluations, 128 00:08:24,872 --> 00:08:28,106 as well as a biography written in her own hand 129 00:08:28,175 --> 00:08:30,742 during the recruitment process. 130 00:08:30,811 --> 00:08:35,447 Marks set out to solve the mystery of Noor Inayat Khan. 131 00:08:36,550 --> 00:08:40,118 The instructor is clearly biased... 132 00:08:40,187 --> 00:08:43,288 perhaps because she's Indian. 133 00:08:43,357 --> 00:08:48,393 And of all things, he said she refuses to lie. 134 00:08:48,462 --> 00:08:52,764 How can you be an agent if you refuse to lie to the Germans? 135 00:08:52,833 --> 00:08:55,500 Who is this girl? 136 00:08:57,838 --> 00:09:02,274 Marks first looked into Noor's father, Hazrat Inayat Khan. 137 00:09:02,342 --> 00:09:04,876 He was a Muslim, born in India, 138 00:09:04,945 --> 00:09:09,047 a descendant of the famous Indian ruler, Tipu Sultan. 139 00:09:09,116 --> 00:09:11,983 He was also a teacher of Sufism, 140 00:09:12,052 --> 00:09:14,653 called to share the Sufi message... 141 00:09:14,721 --> 00:09:19,958 a message that would one day have a profound impact on Noor, as well. 142 00:09:20,027 --> 00:09:23,228 Sufis are Muslims, first and foremost. 143 00:09:23,297 --> 00:09:26,398 And Sufis can be Sunni, they can be Shia, 144 00:09:26,466 --> 00:09:30,936 they can be from any theological or any school of religious law. 145 00:09:31,004 --> 00:09:35,106 They are engaged in practices that might be different 146 00:09:35,175 --> 00:09:38,076 from the obligatory practices required of all Muslims, 147 00:09:38,145 --> 00:09:42,314 whether they're singing or chanting or praying or the recitation of god's names, 148 00:09:42,382 --> 00:09:43,848 god's beautiful names. 149 00:09:43,917 --> 00:09:46,084 All of these practices are part of this tradition, 150 00:09:46,153 --> 00:09:48,638 but the Sufi tradition sees itself as deeply 151 00:09:48,663 --> 00:09:51,147 rooted in the foundational sources of Islam, 152 00:09:51,191 --> 00:09:53,825 the Koran and the Prophet Muhammad. 153 00:09:53,894 --> 00:09:57,128 And there was a great focus on music. 154 00:09:57,197 --> 00:09:59,898 So music as a path to god, 155 00:09:59,967 --> 00:10:02,100 music as a way of self-discovery, 156 00:10:02,169 --> 00:10:06,071 and music as a way to actually take this message 157 00:10:06,139 --> 00:10:07,572 and give it to the people. 158 00:10:07,641 --> 00:10:12,744 In 1910, after Hazrat completed his Sufi training, 159 00:10:12,813 --> 00:10:15,580 his master sent him off with a new challenge: 160 00:10:15,649 --> 00:10:19,684 To bring his music and his message to the west. 161 00:10:19,753 --> 00:10:25,123 In America, Hazrat travelled the country, performing his music. 162 00:10:25,192 --> 00:10:29,127 But always my grandfather's deeper intention 163 00:10:29,196 --> 00:10:31,563 was to spread a spiritual message, 164 00:10:31,632 --> 00:10:33,565 and gradually he attracted those 165 00:10:33,634 --> 00:10:37,469 who could hear that message behind his music 166 00:10:37,537 --> 00:10:40,538 or within his music and began to gather around him. 167 00:10:40,607 --> 00:10:44,643 It was in New York that Hazrat met and fell in love 168 00:10:44,711 --> 00:10:48,980 with a young American woman, Ora Ray Baker, 169 00:10:49,049 --> 00:10:53,685 a ward of her older brother, Perry Baker, who ran a yoga school. 170 00:10:53,754 --> 00:11:00,792 He was young, musician, deeply spiritual and idealistic. 171 00:11:00,861 --> 00:11:04,396 They were both young. They came from different worlds. 172 00:11:04,464 --> 00:11:07,666 Sometimes opposites attract powerfully, 173 00:11:07,734 --> 00:11:11,603 and it was in that context that they met and fell in love. 174 00:11:11,672 --> 00:11:13,905 After weeks of courting, 175 00:11:13,974 --> 00:11:18,443 Hazrat Inayat Khan asked Ora Ray to be his bride, 176 00:11:18,512 --> 00:11:21,946 but her brother adamantly refused his permission. 177 00:11:22,015 --> 00:11:24,349 And what is so ironic, I suppose, 178 00:11:24,418 --> 00:11:29,421 is how Perry Baker was enamored of the esoteric traditions of the east, 179 00:11:29,489 --> 00:11:33,058 but when it came to a family member, a woman in his family, 180 00:11:33,126 --> 00:11:36,561 marrying a dark-skinned man, that was out of the question. 181 00:11:36,630 --> 00:11:39,998 Despondent, Hazrat left America, 182 00:11:40,067 --> 00:11:42,634 but Ora Ray soon followed him to London, 183 00:11:42,703 --> 00:11:45,370 where they were finally married. 184 00:11:45,439 --> 00:11:48,540 He set off to continue his teachings in Europe, 185 00:11:48,608 --> 00:11:51,943 and in 1914, in St. Petersburg, Russia, 186 00:11:52,012 --> 00:11:55,447 their first child was born. 187 00:11:55,515 --> 00:12:01,086 They named her Noor-Un-Nisa, meaning, "light among women," 188 00:12:01,154 --> 00:12:04,355 and she would become the light of her father's heart. 189 00:12:05,792 --> 00:12:09,060 She was from the very start, as a young child, 190 00:12:09,129 --> 00:12:13,698 she was very generous and self-sacrificing. 191 00:12:13,767 --> 00:12:18,503 And she was always concerned more about others than about herself 192 00:12:18,572 --> 00:12:22,640 When Noor was 8, the family moved to Paris, 193 00:12:22,709 --> 00:12:27,045 into a house given to them by a wealthy devotee of her father. 194 00:12:27,114 --> 00:12:32,417 It was called Fazal Manzil, the house of blessings. 195 00:12:32,486 --> 00:12:35,453 I grew up in this house, 196 00:12:35,522 --> 00:12:38,957 and it was very obvious that it was a family home, 197 00:12:39,025 --> 00:12:41,092 on the one side. 198 00:12:41,161 --> 00:12:44,796 Even in the days of Noor's childhood here with her parents, 199 00:12:44,865 --> 00:12:47,432 it was a family home, but at the same time, 200 00:12:47,501 --> 00:12:51,536 it was a place for her father to receive his followers, 201 00:12:51,605 --> 00:12:55,707 to give talks, to give classes, to hold meetings. 202 00:12:55,776 --> 00:12:58,777 One of Hazrat's students from the Netherlands 203 00:12:58,845 --> 00:13:03,314 painted a series of watercolours depicting life at Noor's home. 204 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,088 Surrounded by her father's students from all over Europe, 205 00:13:10,157 --> 00:13:12,991 Noor felt deeply part of the larger whole, 206 00:13:13,059 --> 00:13:16,828 regardless of skin colour, religion, or nationality. 207 00:13:16,897 --> 00:13:21,733 And her father's teachings were at the centre of it all. 208 00:13:21,802 --> 00:13:27,739 He was a figure of mythical proportions for all who knew him. 209 00:13:27,808 --> 00:13:30,475 And the children were fascinated by him. 210 00:13:30,544 --> 00:13:35,079 He was both their father, but he was at the same time 211 00:13:35,148 --> 00:13:38,249 this larger-than-life figure who was, in a sense, 212 00:13:38,318 --> 00:13:40,318 the father of everyone. 213 00:13:40,387 --> 00:13:43,688 In the despairing years between the two world wars, 214 00:13:43,757 --> 00:13:47,192 many Europeans had found themselves searching for meaning 215 00:13:47,260 --> 00:13:49,561 and a new direction in their faith. 216 00:13:49,629 --> 00:13:53,097 They were attracted to the house of blessings in Paris, 217 00:13:53,166 --> 00:13:57,936 and especially the message of Hazrat Inayat Khan. 218 00:13:58,004 --> 00:14:01,306 "La Ilaha Ill-Allah," 219 00:14:01,374 --> 00:14:06,744 which is often translated as "there is no god but god," 220 00:14:06,813 --> 00:14:12,050 but which means really, "there is nothing at all except the divine reality," 221 00:14:12,118 --> 00:14:17,388 which is to say that everything that exists is interconnected, interrelated, 222 00:14:17,457 --> 00:14:22,994 and that everything comes from, and returns to, a singular being, 223 00:14:23,063 --> 00:14:26,464 the one original, divine life. 224 00:14:26,533 --> 00:14:29,534 The people who came for these talks 225 00:14:29,603 --> 00:14:35,206 were probably upper class- educated people in any case, 226 00:14:35,275 --> 00:14:38,977 and many of them came from Holland or Germany, Switzerland, 227 00:14:39,045 --> 00:14:44,048 quite a few French intellectuals, as well. 228 00:14:44,117 --> 00:14:46,384 It was an international crowd. 229 00:14:46,453 --> 00:14:50,955 And his tradition came from a Koranic position 230 00:14:51,024 --> 00:14:55,693 of recognizing that all of the Prophets of all of the world's faiths 231 00:14:55,762 --> 00:15:00,265 are exemplars of one planetary message, 232 00:15:00,333 --> 00:15:03,201 and that message is the message of the divine unity, 233 00:15:03,270 --> 00:15:05,570 but a message which is conveyed in many forms. 234 00:15:05,639 --> 00:15:09,307 Primarily, it was a path of service, service to the poor, 235 00:15:09,376 --> 00:15:14,045 service to those in need, and a call to remember god. 236 00:15:14,114 --> 00:15:18,416 Even as a child, Noor was drawn to this path of service, 237 00:15:18,485 --> 00:15:21,185 one she would follow as she grew up. 238 00:15:21,254 --> 00:15:24,222 I think it really marked them for life, 239 00:15:24,291 --> 00:15:28,726 that the morals that he conveyed 240 00:15:28,795 --> 00:15:32,664 were not just something you learned in Sunday school, 241 00:15:32,732 --> 00:15:34,966 but a way of being, a way of living 242 00:15:35,035 --> 00:15:39,704 that I could still see in my uncles and my mother throughout their lives. 243 00:15:39,773 --> 00:15:42,425 There were very fundamental principles that 244 00:15:42,450 --> 00:15:45,101 they really tried to live by and adhere to. 245 00:15:45,145 --> 00:15:50,348 Whereas Noor's previous trainers saw her idealism as a flaw, 246 00:15:50,417 --> 00:15:54,145 Marks saw it as a strength, and perhaps even 247 00:15:54,170 --> 00:15:57,980 the key to making her a successful SOE agent. 248 00:15:58,024 --> 00:16:00,191 He really took to Noor, 249 00:16:00,260 --> 00:16:03,027 and I think he realized that actually she was 250 00:16:03,096 --> 00:16:07,465 just somebody who was operating possibly on a higher moral plane, 251 00:16:07,534 --> 00:16:09,534 and he seemed to be able to tap into that. 252 00:16:09,602 --> 00:16:12,070 Marks learned that in 1927, 253 00:16:12,138 --> 00:16:14,939 when Noor was only 13 years old, 254 00:16:15,008 --> 00:16:18,810 her beloved father died on a trip to India. 255 00:16:18,878 --> 00:16:24,749 And so his loss, his absence was an extraordinary loss. 256 00:16:24,818 --> 00:16:27,150 It was like this brilliant sun had been shining 257 00:16:27,175 --> 00:16:29,311 over everything and then suddenly departed. 258 00:16:29,356 --> 00:16:32,790 When Noor's father died, she was very young. 259 00:16:32,859 --> 00:16:36,127 She was a young teenager at the time 260 00:16:36,196 --> 00:16:39,197 and took on a role of mothering her siblings 261 00:16:39,265 --> 00:16:42,612 because her mother had fallen into a state 262 00:16:42,637 --> 00:16:46,061 of deep depression, which lasted for years. 263 00:16:46,106 --> 00:16:52,844 At the same time there was always a focus on the religious nature 264 00:16:52,912 --> 00:16:54,912 of what this house represented. 265 00:16:54,981 --> 00:16:58,649 In other words, the Sufi message that her father had brought. 266 00:16:58,718 --> 00:17:05,790 And this was something that became part of everyday life. 267 00:17:05,859 --> 00:17:10,194 His presence was, it seems, constantly felt. 268 00:17:10,263 --> 00:17:14,432 After his death, Noor wrote in a letter 269 00:17:14,501 --> 00:17:18,336 how, even in prayer, her father was near. 270 00:17:18,405 --> 00:17:24,575 One night I woke and I felt so strongly the desire to say my prayers. 271 00:17:24,644 --> 00:17:26,844 With all my soul I said them, 272 00:17:26,913 --> 00:17:29,781 and in the silence of the night, 273 00:17:29,849 --> 00:17:32,984 it seemed so clear that god heard me. 274 00:17:33,053 --> 00:17:36,554 And just at my final words the clock struck, 275 00:17:36,623 --> 00:17:42,593 is if a reply, 3 chimes which rang through the silence. 276 00:17:42,662 --> 00:17:46,431 My father had told us that meant god granted our prayers. 277 00:17:46,499 --> 00:17:50,535 And I fell asleep with my heart full of Joy. 278 00:17:50,603 --> 00:17:56,040 As Noor grew older, she began to write children's stories. 279 00:17:56,109 --> 00:17:59,143 It seems that her father's teaching 280 00:17:59,212 --> 00:18:01,846 is something she wanted to not only live by, 281 00:18:01,915 --> 00:18:04,082 but also to share with others. 282 00:18:04,150 --> 00:18:07,018 This would have been in the writing of stories, 283 00:18:07,087 --> 00:18:09,353 the morals of which then for children 284 00:18:09,422 --> 00:18:13,342 would be along the precepts of what her 285 00:18:13,367 --> 00:18:17,286 father's form of Sufism had taught her. 286 00:18:17,330 --> 00:18:19,988 Great sun had a little 287 00:18:20,013 --> 00:18:22,924 daughter with sun-ray hair and sky blue eyes, 288 00:18:22,969 --> 00:18:24,802 and great sun loved her dearly 289 00:18:24,871 --> 00:18:26,704 for when she played around the clouds, 290 00:18:26,773 --> 00:18:30,007 the whole sky would ring with sweet laughter. 291 00:18:30,076 --> 00:18:31,876 Noor loved to share her stories 292 00:18:31,945 --> 00:18:34,779 with the children who visited the family home. 293 00:18:34,848 --> 00:18:36,881 She published a collection of fables 294 00:18:36,950 --> 00:18:39,484 called "twenty Jataka tales," 295 00:18:39,552 --> 00:18:43,721 just months before she and her family were forced to abandon the house 296 00:18:43,790 --> 00:18:47,024 and flee during the Nazi invasion. 297 00:18:47,093 --> 00:18:52,697 I can tell you that the most cherished possession that I have 298 00:18:52,765 --> 00:18:56,567 is a manuscript written by her, by her own hand, 299 00:18:56,636 --> 00:19:00,905 and this is one of the stories in the "Jataka tales." 300 00:19:00,974 --> 00:19:04,575 I cannot imagine any relic more meaningful than this. 301 00:19:04,644 --> 00:19:08,146 It's a picture of her very soul. 302 00:19:08,214 --> 00:19:11,415 And in fact, all of the stories in the "Jataka tales" 303 00:19:11,484 --> 00:19:14,852 are stories of nobility and sacrifice. 304 00:19:14,921 --> 00:19:20,258 And she somehow must have known already at that stage in her life, 305 00:19:20,326 --> 00:19:22,593 at a soul level, perhaps not consciously, 306 00:19:22,662 --> 00:19:26,531 but she was moving toward this destiny, and she knew it. 307 00:19:26,599 --> 00:19:29,767 She actually published a book for children: 308 00:19:29,836 --> 00:19:32,236 "Twenty Jataka tales." 309 00:19:32,305 --> 00:19:35,106 This bears a little study. 310 00:19:35,175 --> 00:19:38,142 A lot of surprises in our miss Khan. 311 00:19:38,211 --> 00:19:40,778 Somebody who is constantly escaping in some sense 312 00:19:40,847 --> 00:19:43,481 into stories about magic animals 313 00:19:43,550 --> 00:19:45,783 is somebody who is trying to make sense of the new world 314 00:19:45,852 --> 00:19:47,952 that she's landed up in. 315 00:19:49,989 --> 00:19:52,323 After reading the "Jataka tales," 316 00:19:52,392 --> 00:19:54,525 Marks knew he would have to approach Noor 317 00:19:54,594 --> 00:19:57,428 in a completely different way. 318 00:19:57,497 --> 00:20:01,566 She seemed other-worldly because she was from another world, 319 00:20:01,634 --> 00:20:04,235 the world of her father. 320 00:20:04,304 --> 00:20:07,805 In many ways she is a disciple of her father. 321 00:20:07,874 --> 00:20:11,742 They are meant to actually be doing things in this world. 322 00:20:11,811 --> 00:20:18,382 And that no doubt had an impact on her that... 323 00:20:18,451 --> 00:20:21,852 You can see that her, you know, where she goes in her life, 324 00:20:21,921 --> 00:20:23,754 the types of actions she engages in, 325 00:20:23,823 --> 00:20:26,691 and a kind of activist ethics that she embodies, 326 00:20:26,759 --> 00:20:28,993 is very much a part of this tradition. 327 00:20:29,062 --> 00:20:32,897 That's why her stories were full of self-sacrifice. 328 00:20:32,966 --> 00:20:35,700 That's why she refused to lie. 329 00:20:35,768 --> 00:20:38,511 These were the values of her father and the 330 00:20:38,536 --> 00:20:41,029 religious environment of her childhood. 331 00:20:41,074 --> 00:20:45,276 Now Marks had what he needed to work with her effectively. 332 00:20:45,345 --> 00:20:47,345 He sent for her. 333 00:20:49,015 --> 00:20:52,883 If Noor had as much commitment to her code work as to her values, 334 00:20:52,952 --> 00:20:54,685 she could not fail. 335 00:20:54,754 --> 00:20:56,988 Mr. Marks. I'm here for my final briefing. 336 00:20:57,056 --> 00:20:59,090 Miss Khan. 337 00:21:01,261 --> 00:21:03,894 Have a seat. 338 00:21:03,963 --> 00:21:06,731 I believe if one studies history, 339 00:21:06,799 --> 00:21:10,468 this is one of the very few global situations 340 00:21:10,536 --> 00:21:13,904 in which there is such a stark contrast in values 341 00:21:13,973 --> 00:21:16,574 and such a clear moral imperative. 342 00:21:16,643 --> 00:21:19,777 And I think she felt that imperative very viscerally. 343 00:21:19,846 --> 00:21:23,614 I've read in your evaluations that you refuse to lie. 344 00:21:23,683 --> 00:21:25,650 That's very noble. 345 00:21:25,718 --> 00:21:28,052 It was my father's greatest lesson. 346 00:21:28,121 --> 00:21:30,788 But when you fail to encode a message correctly, 347 00:21:30,857 --> 00:21:32,657 you have lied. 348 00:21:32,725 --> 00:21:35,026 I've what?! 349 00:21:35,094 --> 00:21:37,795 Yes. Actually, you are very similar 350 00:21:37,864 --> 00:21:40,631 to the characters in your "Jataka tales." 351 00:21:40,700 --> 00:21:42,099 You've read my book? 352 00:21:42,168 --> 00:21:44,535 Like the characters in your fables, Noor, 353 00:21:44,604 --> 00:21:47,204 your central mission is to save lives. 354 00:21:47,273 --> 00:21:51,175 But when you fail to encode a message correctly, 355 00:21:51,244 --> 00:21:53,244 people will die. 356 00:21:53,313 --> 00:21:55,880 The message will not get through. 357 00:21:55,948 --> 00:21:58,849 You must tell the truth. 358 00:21:58,918 --> 00:22:02,219 This provided the focus she needed, 359 00:22:02,288 --> 00:22:05,623 the grounding in the real challenges she would face. 360 00:22:07,427 --> 00:22:09,794 And now what had been more abstract 361 00:22:09,862 --> 00:22:15,900 was thrust into a very tangible mold, 362 00:22:15,968 --> 00:22:18,202 the mold of the coming conflict. 363 00:22:18,271 --> 00:22:21,839 Marks watched as her technique began to improve. 364 00:22:21,908 --> 00:22:24,342 Each time Noor finished encoding a line, 365 00:22:24,410 --> 00:22:27,845 she closed her eyes and ran her finger over the phrase, 366 00:22:27,914 --> 00:22:32,883 as if saying a prayer, tapping into a resource no other agent had. 367 00:22:32,952 --> 00:22:37,088 And when she was done, her work was perfect. 368 00:22:37,156 --> 00:22:39,690 There was a final task. 369 00:22:39,759 --> 00:22:42,226 Marks must give Noor a bluff-check, 370 00:22:42,295 --> 00:22:45,563 a secret signal by which they would know that she has been captured 371 00:22:45,631 --> 00:22:50,000 and that the Germans, not Noor, were using her radio. 372 00:22:50,069 --> 00:22:51,936 Now, one of the things Marks did 373 00:22:52,004 --> 00:22:55,139 is he actually came up with a custom security check. 374 00:22:55,208 --> 00:22:57,842 It was a special feature of all of her messages 375 00:22:57,910 --> 00:23:00,678 that would make it possible for London to tell 376 00:23:00,747 --> 00:23:03,047 whether or not she'd been captured, 377 00:23:03,116 --> 00:23:06,117 even if she wasn't required to tell a lie. 378 00:23:06,185 --> 00:23:08,085 All you need to do is remember to never to use 379 00:23:08,154 --> 00:23:10,955 a key phrase with 18 letters in it. 380 00:23:11,023 --> 00:23:14,024 Any other number, but not 18. 381 00:23:14,093 --> 00:23:16,427 If we receive a message with 18 letters, 382 00:23:16,496 --> 00:23:18,429 we'll know you've been caught by the Germans, 383 00:23:18,498 --> 00:23:20,097 and they're using your radio. 384 00:23:20,166 --> 00:23:22,366 18's my lucky number. 385 00:23:22,435 --> 00:23:23,868 Yes, I can do that, 386 00:23:23,936 --> 00:23:25,403 and I promise I'll not forget it. 387 00:23:25,471 --> 00:23:28,439 I'll not disappoint you, Mr. Marks. 388 00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:32,743 Well, I think it's clear 389 00:23:32,812 --> 00:23:35,246 that Marks had a little bit of a crush on her. 390 00:23:35,314 --> 00:23:37,815 She was very pretty, according to everybody at the time. 391 00:23:37,884 --> 00:23:39,950 She was very smart. 392 00:23:40,019 --> 00:23:42,987 And he had the opportunity to write a report that said, 393 00:23:43,055 --> 00:23:44,422 "she is a terrible coder. 394 00:23:44,490 --> 00:23:47,658 She will never survive behind enemy lines. Don't send her." 395 00:23:47,727 --> 00:23:50,194 He had this chance, but he decided not to. 396 00:23:50,263 --> 00:23:52,663 He wrote a glowing report, and as a result of that, 397 00:23:52,732 --> 00:23:56,300 she was put on an airplane and sent into occupied Paris. 398 00:23:59,005 --> 00:24:01,172 On the night of June 16, 399 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:04,074 Noor and two other women flew into France 400 00:24:04,143 --> 00:24:07,445 in a single engine Lysander aircraft. 401 00:24:07,513 --> 00:24:11,148 Once in Paris, she would adopt an entirely new identity, 402 00:24:11,217 --> 00:24:15,553 that of a French children's nurse named Jean-Marie Renier. 403 00:24:15,621 --> 00:24:20,357 But to London, Noor would be known by her code name, "Madeleine," 404 00:24:20,426 --> 00:24:22,626 radio operator for the Prosper network, 405 00:24:22,695 --> 00:24:27,198 the largest and most important SOE group in France. 406 00:24:27,266 --> 00:24:32,136 She would be the key link between the resistance and the British war office, 407 00:24:32,205 --> 00:24:34,171 transmitting critical information, 408 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:38,275 and arranging for the drop of weapons and new agents 409 00:24:38,344 --> 00:24:40,544 When Noor landed, 410 00:24:40,613 --> 00:24:43,614 a man called Henri Dericourt was on the landing field 411 00:24:43,683 --> 00:24:45,649 and was able to help her out of the airplane, 412 00:24:45,718 --> 00:24:48,486 and loaded mail into the Lysander, 413 00:24:48,554 --> 00:24:51,222 along with other agents who were returning to Britain. 414 00:24:52,658 --> 00:24:55,025 Welcome to France, my dear friends. 415 00:24:55,094 --> 00:24:57,261 You must hurry, there's not much time. 416 00:24:57,330 --> 00:24:59,530 Take these documents to the pilot. 417 00:25:06,506 --> 00:25:09,573 The headquarters of the Prosper network 418 00:25:09,642 --> 00:25:12,076 were just to the Northwest of Versailles 419 00:25:12,144 --> 00:25:14,512 in the national school of agriculture. 420 00:25:14,580 --> 00:25:20,551 It was here that she began her first broadcasts back to London. 421 00:25:20,620 --> 00:25:22,453 For every transmission 422 00:25:22,522 --> 00:25:25,990 she must string out the 40 feet of antenna wire. 423 00:25:26,058 --> 00:25:28,959 It took agents quite a while after they arrived 424 00:25:29,028 --> 00:25:30,327 to establish themselves. 425 00:25:30,396 --> 00:25:32,036 They would have to go to their safe house. 426 00:25:32,060 --> 00:25:35,332 They would then have to make contact with London. 427 00:25:35,401 --> 00:25:39,436 And Noor actually contacted London within 72 hours of her arrival, 428 00:25:39,505 --> 00:25:41,605 which was pretty much unprecedented. 429 00:25:41,674 --> 00:25:44,074 At the agricultural school, 430 00:25:44,143 --> 00:25:47,711 Noor met Francis Suttill, code name "Prosper," 431 00:25:47,780 --> 00:25:50,014 the leader of the Prosper network. 432 00:25:50,082 --> 00:25:53,517 Settling in, some of her fears diminished. 433 00:25:53,586 --> 00:25:57,221 It was almost peaceful there, almost like home. 434 00:25:57,290 --> 00:25:59,657 I've heard you're a very good operator, mademoiselle. 435 00:25:59,725 --> 00:26:02,426 We're glad to have you with us. 436 00:26:02,495 --> 00:26:06,864 But this is very dangerous work. 437 00:26:06,933 --> 00:26:09,633 I'm very happy to be of service to the network. 438 00:26:09,702 --> 00:26:11,802 Anything you need me to do, I can do it. 439 00:26:11,871 --> 00:26:13,671 I promise I'll not disappoint you, sir. 440 00:26:13,739 --> 00:26:16,106 You must never let down your guard. 441 00:26:16,175 --> 00:26:18,342 The Germans are relentless. 442 00:26:18,411 --> 00:26:20,444 I promise I'll be careful. 443 00:26:23,916 --> 00:26:27,051 The organizer was out there trying to recruit people. 444 00:26:27,119 --> 00:26:28,719 That was dangerous. 445 00:26:28,788 --> 00:26:30,908 The courier was carrying messages, that was dangerous. 446 00:26:30,932 --> 00:26:33,390 But by far the most dangerous was to be the wireless operator, 447 00:26:33,459 --> 00:26:34,858 the radio operator. 448 00:26:34,927 --> 00:26:37,695 For the Prosper network, 449 00:26:37,763 --> 00:26:40,598 the Germans weren't the only threat. 450 00:26:40,666 --> 00:26:44,001 Rumours surfaced that their own Henri Dericourt, 451 00:26:44,070 --> 00:26:47,938 the man who had met Noor's plane, was a double agent. 452 00:26:48,007 --> 00:26:53,677 Agents in London suspected Dericourt was employed both by the SOE F section 453 00:26:53,746 --> 00:26:57,848 and by the Abwehr, the German counter-intelligence agency. 454 00:26:57,917 --> 00:27:01,018 Dericourt, you are right on time. 455 00:27:01,087 --> 00:27:06,090 It would explain why the Abwehr and the Gestapo 456 00:27:06,158 --> 00:27:08,959 knew about f section headquarter's staff, 457 00:27:09,028 --> 00:27:11,228 knew about incoming agents. 458 00:27:11,297 --> 00:27:14,031 When a Lysander was returning to Britain, 459 00:27:14,100 --> 00:27:17,134 it would often take documents that were too long 460 00:27:17,203 --> 00:27:22,039 to be transmitted over wireless by the wireless operators. 461 00:27:22,108 --> 00:27:26,543 There's evidence to suggest that Dericourt took that mail, 462 00:27:26,612 --> 00:27:29,880 gave it to the Abwehr, which were then photocopied, 463 00:27:29,949 --> 00:27:32,216 and then returned to Britain. 464 00:27:32,284 --> 00:27:35,953 So everything that SOE headquarters was getting 465 00:27:36,022 --> 00:27:39,723 had previously been seen by the Abwehr. 466 00:27:39,792 --> 00:27:42,893 It meant that SOE was entirely compromised. 467 00:27:42,962 --> 00:27:46,597 Within days of Noor's arrival, 468 00:27:46,666 --> 00:27:53,237 the Gestapo struck, taking down the Prosper agents one by one. 469 00:28:02,381 --> 00:28:08,485 It was the largest coup of its kind ever by the Gestapo in France. 470 00:28:08,554 --> 00:28:11,989 There were 6 other wireless operators based in Paris at this time, 471 00:28:12,058 --> 00:28:16,126 and all of them were either arrested or disappeared. 472 00:28:16,195 --> 00:28:19,730 Even Francis Suttill, the leader of the Prosper network, 473 00:28:19,799 --> 00:28:22,299 was no longer safe. 474 00:28:22,368 --> 00:28:24,757 And as soon as one network or 475 00:28:24,782 --> 00:28:27,695 subcircuit had been infiltrated by Abwehr agents, 476 00:28:27,740 --> 00:28:29,988 then it was just going to lead, like a domino 477 00:28:30,013 --> 00:28:31,966 effect, to the collapse of all of them. 478 00:28:32,011 --> 00:28:34,611 Hey! 479 00:28:44,423 --> 00:28:49,727 Suttill... Prosper himself... was arrested on June 24, 1943, 480 00:28:49,795 --> 00:28:54,164 just 7 days after Noor joined his network. 481 00:28:54,233 --> 00:28:56,593 It would appear that Prosper was doing very well. 482 00:28:56,617 --> 00:29:00,571 Obviously, we know that the rate at which the Prosper circuit grew, 483 00:29:00,639 --> 00:29:02,506 with all of these kind of subcircuits, 484 00:29:02,575 --> 00:29:05,157 meant that sooner or later, it was inevitable 485 00:29:05,182 --> 00:29:07,201 that it was going to be penetrated. 486 00:29:07,246 --> 00:29:10,781 Many of the agents that were captured, 487 00:29:10,850 --> 00:29:13,317 especially in northern France, in Paris, 488 00:29:13,385 --> 00:29:17,187 were taken to 84 Avenue Foch in Paris. 489 00:29:17,256 --> 00:29:20,791 The basement was basically a torture chamber, a jail. 490 00:29:20,860 --> 00:29:23,827 Then there were administrative rooms, 491 00:29:23,896 --> 00:29:27,064 and then at the top there were more cells, rooms, 492 00:29:27,133 --> 00:29:30,367 just windowless rooms to interrogate people. 493 00:29:31,637 --> 00:29:34,838 Here is the one we've been waiting for. 494 00:29:34,907 --> 00:29:38,942 I see you have shown the poor judgement to resist. 495 00:29:39,011 --> 00:29:41,979 I trust you will think more carefully here. 496 00:29:42,047 --> 00:29:44,548 Take him to room number 3. 497 00:29:44,617 --> 00:29:49,052 At 84 ave Foch in Paris, 498 00:29:49,121 --> 00:29:52,422 Hans Kieffer was the senior intelligence officer, 499 00:29:52,491 --> 00:29:56,126 but Ernest Vogt, as translator and interrogator, 500 00:29:56,195 --> 00:29:58,562 spent the most time with captured agents. 501 00:29:58,631 --> 00:30:01,131 Pierre Cartaud, a French collaborator, 502 00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:06,236 was happy to be serving the Germans and eager to please. 503 00:30:06,305 --> 00:30:10,140 Suttill's interrogation was especially long and brutal. 504 00:30:10,209 --> 00:30:13,210 We know how difficult this is for you, Suttill, 505 00:30:13,279 --> 00:30:16,880 you confessed your fears in your letters to your wife. 506 00:30:16,949 --> 00:30:19,449 There's nothing to be ashamed of. 507 00:30:19,518 --> 00:30:21,718 It's a variation off of good-cop/bad-cop. 508 00:30:21,787 --> 00:30:25,589 There were those that would, you know, 509 00:30:25,658 --> 00:30:32,329 smash them with a rubber truncheon and basically beat them up. 510 00:30:32,398 --> 00:30:34,631 More effective, they discovered, 511 00:30:34,700 --> 00:30:38,068 was this sort of friendly talking. 512 00:30:38,137 --> 00:30:43,407 Have you no limits? Who's betrayed us? 513 00:30:43,475 --> 00:30:46,777 We are all afraid in this war, Suttill. 514 00:30:46,846 --> 00:30:50,681 We are all soldiers, so we are all men. 515 00:30:50,749 --> 00:30:53,817 But you can free yourself of these fears. 516 00:30:53,886 --> 00:30:56,086 There's nothing dishonourable in it. 517 00:30:56,155 --> 00:30:57,754 Simply help us. 518 00:30:57,823 --> 00:30:59,890 Honour means nothing to you. 519 00:30:59,959 --> 00:31:03,961 Give us the locations of the hidden arms and explosives 520 00:31:04,029 --> 00:31:05,662 so we can protect our soldiers. 521 00:31:05,731 --> 00:31:08,732 Give yourself peace. 522 00:31:08,801 --> 00:31:12,936 No one will be killed or harmed in any way. 523 00:31:13,005 --> 00:31:17,241 I give you my word, as an officer of the third Reich, 524 00:31:17,309 --> 00:31:19,977 an agreement between gentlemen. 525 00:31:24,817 --> 00:31:29,820 You have my promise. Give us the locations. 526 00:31:39,398 --> 00:31:41,632 After days of endless questioning, 527 00:31:41,700 --> 00:31:43,500 the indications are that Suttill, 528 00:31:43,569 --> 00:31:47,871 shocked and demoralized by the information the Germans had already had, 529 00:31:47,940 --> 00:31:52,342 including copies of letters to his wife, gave in. 530 00:31:52,411 --> 00:31:54,845 Actually, many of the agents once captured 531 00:31:54,914 --> 00:31:57,814 did assume that they had a protected status, 532 00:31:57,883 --> 00:32:03,287 that they believed what the interrogators told them, 533 00:32:03,355 --> 00:32:05,989 unfortunately, that was not the case. 534 00:32:06,058 --> 00:32:09,326 In the end, the Germans would arrest hundreds of people 535 00:32:09,395 --> 00:32:11,094 after the Prosper collapse, 536 00:32:11,163 --> 00:32:14,698 and confiscate countless tons of arms and explosives. 537 00:32:14,767 --> 00:32:17,701 Suttill himself was held for two years in 538 00:32:17,726 --> 00:32:20,728 Sachenhasuen concentration camp in Germany 539 00:32:20,773 --> 00:32:25,075 before he was executed in 1945. 540 00:32:25,144 --> 00:32:30,013 Noor's safe-house at the agricultural school was no longer secure, 541 00:32:30,082 --> 00:32:31,982 but in a stroke of good luck, 542 00:32:32,051 --> 00:32:34,184 Noor was warned before it was too late. 543 00:32:34,253 --> 00:32:36,520 She had to flee immediately. 544 00:32:36,588 --> 00:32:38,689 Where shall I go? Ride to Paris. 545 00:32:38,757 --> 00:32:40,857 See if Monsieur Garry can get you to a safe house 546 00:32:40,926 --> 00:32:44,895 if he has not already been taken away. But hurry! 547 00:32:44,964 --> 00:32:47,497 With only her bicycle and a small bag, 548 00:32:47,566 --> 00:32:49,266 Noor set off for Paris, 549 00:32:49,335 --> 00:32:53,270 hoping there would be someone, anyone, who could help her. 550 00:32:53,339 --> 00:32:56,540 To have this burden of not only being the radio operator 551 00:32:56,608 --> 00:32:58,809 for this network that might be full of spies, 552 00:32:58,877 --> 00:33:00,877 but to be the only person, 553 00:33:00,946 --> 00:33:02,586 and knowing that if she did what was safe, 554 00:33:02,614 --> 00:33:05,549 which was to head back to London or to go into hiding, 555 00:33:05,617 --> 00:33:07,297 she would essentially cut off the operation 556 00:33:07,321 --> 00:33:09,486 and make everybody else's sacrifice meaningless, 557 00:33:09,555 --> 00:33:13,156 that was an enormous pressure for somebody, especially someone so young. 558 00:33:13,225 --> 00:33:15,859 German soldiers were everywhere, 559 00:33:15,928 --> 00:33:17,894 on the lookout for Prosper agents, 560 00:33:17,963 --> 00:33:21,131 but Noor's inexperience may have worked to her advantage. 561 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:25,602 She hadn't been in Paris long enough to make friends... Or enemies. 562 00:33:25,671 --> 00:33:30,107 Finally, Noor was able to transmit from a safe-house 563 00:33:30,175 --> 00:33:34,077 she'd found through the local French resistance. 564 00:33:34,146 --> 00:33:37,714 When she learned that she was the last radio operator left in Paris, 565 00:33:37,783 --> 00:33:40,384 she knew she must quickly get word to London 566 00:33:40,452 --> 00:33:43,253 that the Prosper network had been destroyed. 567 00:33:43,322 --> 00:33:47,491 Each of us participates in defining the world 568 00:33:47,559 --> 00:33:51,628 in which we live, in making the world what it is to become. 569 00:33:51,697 --> 00:33:55,766 And she saw now that this was her moment to make her mark, 570 00:33:55,834 --> 00:34:00,037 to say what she believed, and to say it not merely in words, 571 00:34:00,105 --> 00:34:05,275 but to say it in action and in the most dangerous possible action. 572 00:34:05,344 --> 00:34:07,210 Back in England, 573 00:34:07,279 --> 00:34:12,616 an elaborate complex of SOE personnel awaited Noor's message. 574 00:34:12,684 --> 00:34:16,586 Once received, the coded message was passed on to a decoder, 575 00:34:16,655 --> 00:34:20,590 and then immediately sent to f section headquarters. 576 00:34:20,659 --> 00:34:22,826 If the bluff check was included, 577 00:34:22,895 --> 00:34:25,829 they knew the agent had not been captured. 578 00:34:25,898 --> 00:34:30,767 What is it? 579 00:34:30,836 --> 00:34:32,936 Oh, my god! 580 00:34:33,005 --> 00:34:34,445 We have to get a message back to her. 581 00:34:34,469 --> 00:34:36,206 It's the Prosper network. 582 00:34:36,275 --> 00:34:37,908 Prosper? What's happened? 583 00:34:37,976 --> 00:34:38,976 Take this down! 584 00:34:39,044 --> 00:34:43,580 Most urgent to Paris station Madeleine. 585 00:34:43,649 --> 00:34:46,516 Buckmaster, the head of F section of SOE 586 00:34:46,585 --> 00:34:48,418 had requested that she return to Britain 587 00:34:48,487 --> 00:34:50,587 because of her safety was at risk, 588 00:34:50,656 --> 00:34:54,591 and she decided to ignore that instruction, 589 00:34:54,660 --> 00:34:59,062 because she wanted to rebuild the network. 590 00:34:59,131 --> 00:35:01,298 Everything depended on Noor. 591 00:35:01,366 --> 00:35:04,101 Buckmaster offered to send a plane for her, 592 00:35:04,169 --> 00:35:05,836 but she turned it down. 593 00:35:05,904 --> 00:35:08,538 She was the last link to London. 594 00:35:08,607 --> 00:35:11,787 Without her, there would be no way to deliver 595 00:35:11,812 --> 00:35:14,368 supplies and guns to the resistance. 596 00:35:14,413 --> 00:35:18,648 And a final lifeline would be cut for downed allied flyers in France, 597 00:35:18,717 --> 00:35:22,119 desperate to escape the Germans. 598 00:35:22,187 --> 00:35:25,255 She would stay. 599 00:35:25,324 --> 00:35:27,557 The Germans used direction-finding vans, 600 00:35:27,626 --> 00:35:29,590 which would be able to pinpoint the location 601 00:35:29,615 --> 00:35:31,185 of an agent transmitting a message. 602 00:35:31,230 --> 00:35:33,950 And they'd be able to do that probably within about 15 or 20 minutes. 603 00:35:33,966 --> 00:35:38,568 The longer the radio operator stayed on the air, 604 00:35:38,637 --> 00:35:39,903 the greater the danger. 605 00:35:39,972 --> 00:35:42,639 It got to a point where they were not supposed 606 00:35:42,708 --> 00:35:46,710 to stay in communication for more than 5 minutes. 607 00:35:46,778 --> 00:35:51,515 It was said that the life of a wireless operator was about 6 weeks, 608 00:35:51,583 --> 00:35:54,384 so it was an incredibly dangerous role, the most dangerous. 609 00:35:54,453 --> 00:36:02,159 The ordinary idea is that idealism is not practical, 610 00:36:02,227 --> 00:36:05,262 but in her case, the opposite proved to be true. 611 00:36:05,330 --> 00:36:09,699 I believe it was her idealism itself that carried her through. 612 00:36:09,768 --> 00:36:12,035 - .- Despite the danger, 613 00:36:12,104 --> 00:36:15,772 Noor diligently kept the wire open to England. 614 00:36:15,841 --> 00:36:18,375 She sent the names of the captured agents, 615 00:36:18,443 --> 00:36:19,943 scheduled the weapons drops, 616 00:36:20,012 --> 00:36:23,647 and continued to coordinate the escape of downed allied flyers 617 00:36:23,715 --> 00:36:26,616 caught behind enemy lines. 618 00:36:27,853 --> 00:36:30,687 There was no relief from her constant code work. 619 00:36:30,756 --> 00:36:34,658 She had total focus now. 620 00:36:34,726 --> 00:36:38,161 Imagine the hardest math problem you had to solve in high school. 621 00:36:38,230 --> 00:36:40,197 Now imagine doing that every day, 622 00:36:40,265 --> 00:36:42,345 and imagine knowing that if you get the answer wrong, 623 00:36:42,369 --> 00:36:43,533 somebody's going to die. 624 00:36:43,602 --> 00:36:47,971 And then the constant threat, 625 00:36:48,040 --> 00:36:52,842 the realization that every time your finger hits that key, 626 00:36:52,911 --> 00:36:55,946 it's not just the people in England who are hearing it. 627 00:36:56,014 --> 00:36:57,714 It's Germans, too, 628 00:36:57,783 --> 00:37:00,817 and they're just trying to find you, and eventually, they will. 629 00:37:02,421 --> 00:37:06,790 Weeks passed, and Noor grew accustomed to exhaustion 630 00:37:06,858 --> 00:37:09,626 as she and her radio were always on the move. 631 00:37:09,695 --> 00:37:11,194 The radio operators 632 00:37:11,263 --> 00:37:17,267 couldn't just put their radio down somewhere in a barn, let's say, 633 00:37:17,336 --> 00:37:18,935 and leave it there. 634 00:37:19,004 --> 00:37:21,304 They had to move it from place to place. 635 00:37:21,373 --> 00:37:24,841 By then, the Gestapo had her description, 636 00:37:24,910 --> 00:37:28,011 forcing her to change her appearance at times to be safe. 637 00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:30,780 She could trust no one. 638 00:37:30,849 --> 00:37:37,153 Once, when poor reception forced her to rig her antenna outside, 639 00:37:37,222 --> 00:37:41,925 she was discovered, with only her charm to protect her. 640 00:37:41,994 --> 00:37:45,929 This seems like quite a struggle for you, mademoiselle. 641 00:37:45,998 --> 00:37:48,498 What have we here? A radio? 642 00:37:48,567 --> 00:37:51,701 Oh! You surprised me, major. 643 00:37:51,770 --> 00:37:57,340 I confess I am running the wire for my radio to listen to jazz on the BBC. 644 00:37:57,409 --> 00:38:00,043 It is forbidden, I know, but I must have my jazz. 645 00:38:00,112 --> 00:38:01,945 You understand, I'm sure. 646 00:38:02,014 --> 00:38:08,718 The music helps us to forget the war, everything. Do you dance? 647 00:38:08,787 --> 00:38:12,589 I must confess, I am a terrible dancer. 648 00:38:12,658 --> 00:38:15,592 Everyone must have their music. 649 00:38:15,661 --> 00:38:21,197 Come, with any luck tonight, Duke Ellington. 650 00:38:21,266 --> 00:38:26,169 Actually being a woman was a great advantage in this regard, 651 00:38:26,238 --> 00:38:29,739 because women were essentially invisible to the Germans 652 00:38:29,808 --> 00:38:35,045 as terrorists or resistance agents or working for the SOE, 653 00:38:35,113 --> 00:38:37,947 as Noor was, until relatively late, 654 00:38:38,016 --> 00:38:39,983 much later that you expect. 655 00:38:40,052 --> 00:38:43,653 It had been 3 months since Noor arrived. 656 00:38:43,722 --> 00:38:47,424 She'd already survived longer than anyone thought she could. 657 00:38:47,492 --> 00:38:50,527 And Paris had only become more dangerous. 658 00:38:50,595 --> 00:38:52,862 The Gestapo knew what she looked like, 659 00:38:52,931 --> 00:38:55,432 and even her code name: Madeleine. 660 00:38:55,500 --> 00:38:58,068 There's evidence to suggest the Gestapo knew about her 661 00:38:58,136 --> 00:39:00,437 and she was followed, but utilizing her training, 662 00:39:00,505 --> 00:39:03,273 she was able to lose the people following her. 663 00:39:03,342 --> 00:39:05,175 Stop! 664 00:39:43,448 --> 00:39:45,281 For all her time in Paris, 665 00:39:45,350 --> 00:39:48,651 Noor had never returned to her childhood home, 666 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:50,987 but now, exhausted and alone, 667 00:39:51,056 --> 00:39:53,590 she returned to Suresnes, her old neighbourhood, 668 00:39:53,658 --> 00:39:56,626 calling upon a family friend. 669 00:39:56,695 --> 00:40:00,830 It was a desperate and dangerous choice. 670 00:40:00,899 --> 00:40:04,300 Agents were trained not to go anywhere near people 671 00:40:04,369 --> 00:40:06,336 who might know who they really were 672 00:40:06,405 --> 00:40:09,305 because it was felt that that could be very dangerous 673 00:40:09,374 --> 00:40:10,974 and draw attention to them. 674 00:40:11,042 --> 00:40:13,877 But Noor, obviously, was in a situation 675 00:40:13,945 --> 00:40:16,479 where she wasn't sure what to do, 676 00:40:16,548 --> 00:40:19,015 and she trusted these people. 677 00:40:19,084 --> 00:40:22,318 Noor, what are you doing here? 678 00:40:24,156 --> 00:40:26,823 So good to see you, 679 00:40:26,892 --> 00:40:29,132 but we thought you had left the country with your family. 680 00:40:29,156 --> 00:40:31,294 Madam Pinchon, please. I am working for the British. 681 00:40:31,363 --> 00:40:32,562 The British?! 682 00:40:32,631 --> 00:40:35,799 Yes. I need to set up a radio post. You must help me. 683 00:40:35,867 --> 00:40:38,234 Oh my god, Noor! Come in, it is so dangerous. 684 00:40:38,303 --> 00:40:39,769 There are Germans everywhere. 685 00:40:39,838 --> 00:40:42,038 It was a time in which she could never be sure. 686 00:40:42,062 --> 00:40:45,108 She could not be sure what the allegiances might be 687 00:40:45,177 --> 00:40:47,577 of these people that she had known very well. 688 00:40:47,646 --> 00:40:51,080 Noor's new life met her old, 689 00:40:51,149 --> 00:40:56,085 as she strung her radio antennae in a place so close to her family home. 690 00:41:06,298 --> 00:41:09,599 Don't even think of going over there, Noor, 691 00:41:09,668 --> 00:41:13,102 the house is full of Germans now. 692 00:41:13,171 --> 00:41:19,342 What would my father think, to see the house so full of soldiers? 693 00:41:19,411 --> 00:41:24,080 Maybe it was just a way of gaining some kind of inner strength, 694 00:41:24,149 --> 00:41:27,484 to just see the place where her father and her mother had lived, 695 00:41:27,552 --> 00:41:30,753 where she had grown up and known maybe happier times. 696 00:41:38,430 --> 00:41:40,196 Avenue Foch. 697 00:41:40,265 --> 00:41:43,533 As the resistance became more organized 698 00:41:43,602 --> 00:41:45,435 and the Germans were getting more aware 699 00:41:45,504 --> 00:41:48,137 that this was going on, 700 00:41:48,206 --> 00:41:53,676 - they started to offer money for people to denounce people. 701 00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:59,582 Ja, Herr Keiffer. 702 00:41:59,651 --> 00:42:03,353 Yes, the reward is as we advertised, miss. 703 00:42:05,223 --> 00:42:08,124 What is the name? 704 00:42:08,193 --> 00:42:10,313 I think even the Germans were quite surprised 705 00:42:10,337 --> 00:42:12,428 at the number of cases that, 706 00:42:12,497 --> 00:42:16,299 that they were put in touch with people who did prove in the end 707 00:42:16,368 --> 00:42:19,035 to be the kind of people they were looking for. 708 00:42:19,104 --> 00:42:22,372 Is good. 709 00:42:22,440 --> 00:42:26,242 They have sold us another one. Call Cartaud. 710 00:42:30,115 --> 00:42:33,783 Noor was actually betrayed by a woman called Renée Garry, 711 00:42:33,852 --> 00:42:37,387 who was the sister of the man who ran the organization, 712 00:42:37,455 --> 00:42:39,989 the circuit that she belonged to, 713 00:42:40,058 --> 00:42:43,693 that would appear to be a sense of kind of jealousy and resentment. 714 00:42:43,762 --> 00:42:46,863 Noor was very glamorous, an attractive woman. 715 00:42:46,932 --> 00:42:52,735 The informant identified Noor's last secure apartment. 716 00:42:52,804 --> 00:42:55,104 I think it's hard to imagine 717 00:42:55,173 --> 00:42:59,242 that people really thought through the full consequences of what they were doing 718 00:42:59,311 --> 00:43:02,946 or what... they didn't know about the existence of the camps, 719 00:43:03,014 --> 00:43:06,282 but they did know that people could die as a result of it. 720 00:43:06,351 --> 00:43:09,852 And we can't escape that fact. 721 00:43:18,396 --> 00:43:22,398 How kind of you to leave your radio and codes for us. 722 00:43:22,467 --> 00:43:26,736 Place your hands behind your head. I intend to search you. 723 00:43:37,315 --> 00:43:39,215 Argh! 724 00:43:40,819 --> 00:43:42,719 Get back or I'll shoot! 725 00:43:42,787 --> 00:43:44,153 As soon as she was captured, 726 00:43:44,222 --> 00:43:45,702 that code book fell into German hands, 727 00:43:45,757 --> 00:43:48,591 and they were able to see the messages that she had sent. 728 00:43:48,660 --> 00:43:50,093 But crucially, it also meant 729 00:43:50,161 --> 00:43:52,041 that they could start communicating with London, 730 00:43:52,065 --> 00:43:53,529 pretending to be her. 731 00:43:53,598 --> 00:43:56,899 On October 13, 1943, 732 00:43:56,968 --> 00:44:01,137 after working in Paris as an SOE agent for 4 months, 733 00:44:01,206 --> 00:44:05,274 Noor Inayat Khan was arrested. 734 00:44:11,416 --> 00:44:12,749 What happened to you, Cartaud? 735 00:44:12,817 --> 00:44:15,785 Take her to room number 3. 736 00:44:20,058 --> 00:44:24,661 Shall I call you by your code name, Madeleine? 737 00:44:24,729 --> 00:44:26,663 And I see that in your letters to your mother, 738 00:44:26,731 --> 00:44:29,932 you sign them, Babuly? 739 00:44:30,001 --> 00:44:32,802 Very sentimental. 740 00:44:32,871 --> 00:44:36,372 How can you know that? 741 00:44:36,441 --> 00:44:41,310 Oh, we know your mother's name, where she lives. 742 00:44:41,379 --> 00:44:46,482 We know your officer in chief in London is named Buckmaster. 743 00:44:46,551 --> 00:44:49,419 We know you trained at Beaulieu Manor. 744 00:44:49,487 --> 00:44:53,423 We know a great deal about you, Madeleine. 745 00:44:53,491 --> 00:44:56,893 Do you have an agent in London? 746 00:44:56,961 --> 00:44:58,995 Perhaps we do. 747 00:45:01,633 --> 00:45:05,702 Why don't you give us your real name for a start? 748 00:45:05,770 --> 00:45:07,704 Write it down for us. 749 00:45:07,772 --> 00:45:12,141 And perhaps a contact here in Paris. 750 00:45:12,210 --> 00:45:15,878 Someone unimportant. 751 00:45:19,517 --> 00:45:22,919 There is nothing I can tell you. 752 00:45:22,987 --> 00:45:25,655 There is no need to suffer, Madeleine. 753 00:45:25,724 --> 00:45:27,790 Suttill was very cooperative. 754 00:45:27,859 --> 00:45:30,993 He found an honourable way to talk to us. 755 00:45:31,062 --> 00:45:33,196 You can, too. 756 00:45:33,264 --> 00:45:37,333 No one will be injured in any way. I promise. 757 00:45:37,402 --> 00:45:39,102 I have nothing to say to you. 758 00:45:39,170 --> 00:45:41,904 You represent everything I despise. 759 00:45:41,973 --> 00:45:44,807 Don't be so harsh on us, Madeleine. 760 00:45:44,876 --> 00:45:49,512 We are only soldiers. We are no different from you. 761 00:45:49,581 --> 00:45:52,348 You are nothing like me. 762 00:45:55,787 --> 00:45:59,522 Noor was a tiny little petite woman, 763 00:45:59,591 --> 00:46:07,591 but seemed to have the emotional strength of a tiger. 764 00:46:07,999 --> 00:46:11,234 It's very hard for me to imagine what Noor was... 765 00:46:11,302 --> 00:46:15,271 Must have been going through when she was arrested finally, 766 00:46:15,340 --> 00:46:18,508 and now in the presence of interrogators 767 00:46:18,576 --> 00:46:23,579 of the German terror apparatus organizations. 768 00:46:23,648 --> 00:46:25,948 They threatened her, cajoled her, 769 00:46:26,017 --> 00:46:27,884 promised her special treatment. 770 00:46:27,952 --> 00:46:32,355 They did everything they could, but she refused to give in. 771 00:46:32,423 --> 00:46:37,026 It was her deep commitment to certain core spiritual values 772 00:46:37,095 --> 00:46:41,564 that were unshakable that led her to resist 773 00:46:41,633 --> 00:46:44,367 all temptations and threats 774 00:46:44,435 --> 00:46:48,404 and to adhere passionately to what she believed to be true. 775 00:46:48,473 --> 00:46:50,306 Take her out. 776 00:46:50,375 --> 00:46:54,243 The interrogation went on for days, 777 00:46:54,312 --> 00:46:59,282 but they couldn't break her. Noor could think only of escape. 778 00:46:59,350 --> 00:47:02,919 She wasn't going to collaborate with the Germans. 779 00:47:02,987 --> 00:47:04,387 She refused to give any information. 780 00:47:04,422 --> 00:47:05,988 She refused to talk to them. 781 00:47:06,057 --> 00:47:10,326 In her cell, Noor wrote secret notes to two other prisoners, 782 00:47:10,395 --> 00:47:13,095 suggesting a break-out. 783 00:47:15,800 --> 00:47:19,202 They used the private lavatory as a drop point for the notes 784 00:47:19,270 --> 00:47:21,404 and hatched a plan. 785 00:47:24,442 --> 00:47:28,511 Her fellow prisoner, John Starr, stole a screwdriver, 786 00:47:28,580 --> 00:47:32,281 hiding it each morning for the others to find. 787 00:47:35,053 --> 00:47:38,020 Noor worked for 3 weeks, 788 00:47:38,089 --> 00:47:40,289 trading off the tool, using its sharp edge 789 00:47:40,358 --> 00:47:44,727 to dig the iron rungs away from the window's concrete frame. 790 00:47:44,796 --> 00:47:47,864 The fact that Noor repeatedly tried to escape, 791 00:47:47,932 --> 00:47:52,034 both on her own and in collaboration with other captured resisters 792 00:47:52,103 --> 00:47:57,540 at Avenue Foch is pretty unprecedented and unique. 793 00:47:57,609 --> 00:48:04,513 They managed to remove the rungs on the window by the use of a screwdriver, 794 00:48:04,582 --> 00:48:06,916 trying to escape 795 00:48:09,520 --> 00:48:11,988 Noor was the last to loosen her bars, 796 00:48:12,056 --> 00:48:15,191 but her fellow prisoners were able to remove the heavy skylight 797 00:48:15,260 --> 00:48:17,760 and help her up onto the roof. 798 00:48:19,530 --> 00:48:22,531 They were finally free. 799 00:48:24,636 --> 00:48:26,469 But as they fled into the night, 800 00:48:26,537 --> 00:48:28,504 an air raid siren blared, 801 00:48:28,573 --> 00:48:31,674 alerting the guards to their escape. 802 00:48:34,279 --> 00:48:37,680 They were thwarted by an RAF raid. 803 00:48:37,749 --> 00:48:40,383 As soon as a raid, an air raid happened, 804 00:48:40,451 --> 00:48:44,954 then the prison staff would check on the cells, 805 00:48:45,023 --> 00:48:47,356 and then it was... the alarm was raised. 806 00:48:47,425 --> 00:48:50,559 After less than an hour of freedom, 807 00:48:50,628 --> 00:48:55,965 the 3 prisoners were once again led into Gestapo headquarters. 808 00:48:56,034 --> 00:49:00,002 This, I think, is evidence of the kind of person that Noor was. 809 00:49:00,071 --> 00:49:02,338 We know that she was shy. We know that she was reticent. 810 00:49:02,407 --> 00:49:04,807 We know that she was small. 811 00:49:04,876 --> 00:49:07,556 And yet clearly, she had this ferocious streak and desire to escape. 812 00:49:10,915 --> 00:49:13,115 Berlin? 813 00:49:13,184 --> 00:49:16,752 This was the last straw for Keiffer. 814 00:49:16,821 --> 00:49:19,755 In a letter sent to Nazi headquarters in Berlin, 815 00:49:19,824 --> 00:49:23,092 Keiffer designates Noor "Nacht und Nebel," 816 00:49:23,161 --> 00:49:24,860 night and fog. 817 00:49:24,929 --> 00:49:28,331 One of the classification that the Germans, the Nazis, 818 00:49:28,399 --> 00:49:30,232 gave to their prisoners 819 00:49:30,301 --> 00:49:33,302 was something called Nacht und Nebel, 820 00:49:33,371 --> 00:49:37,006 and it comes from a saying, 821 00:49:37,075 --> 00:49:39,809 "sie sollte nacht und nebel verschwinden," 822 00:49:39,877 --> 00:49:42,478 "she should disappear into night and fog." 823 00:49:42,547 --> 00:49:48,551 So this was an identifier for agents 824 00:49:48,619 --> 00:49:51,454 who were seen as the most dangerous, 825 00:49:51,522 --> 00:49:55,491 that they would disappear into the concentration camp system 826 00:49:55,560 --> 00:49:57,893 and never be released. 827 00:49:57,962 --> 00:50:00,529 Noor was helpless, her fate sealed, 828 00:50:00,598 --> 00:50:03,399 and tragically, in German hands, 829 00:50:03,468 --> 00:50:08,938 her radio continued to broadcast under her codename, Madeleine. 830 00:50:09,007 --> 00:50:14,844 Back in England, Buckmaster and Marks were unaware of Noor's capture, 831 00:50:14,912 --> 00:50:17,780 until it was too late. 832 00:50:17,849 --> 00:50:20,950 The bluff check for Noor Khan is wrong, sir. 833 00:50:21,019 --> 00:50:22,885 There are 18 letters. 834 00:50:22,954 --> 00:50:25,421 How did this happen? Why wasn't I notified? 835 00:50:25,490 --> 00:50:28,557 I gave very specific instructions about her. 836 00:50:28,626 --> 00:50:30,926 Do you understand what this means? 837 00:50:30,995 --> 00:50:37,066 Means the Germans have been using her radio and codes, Marks, 838 00:50:37,135 --> 00:50:40,202 and making fools of us all. 839 00:50:40,271 --> 00:50:47,276 It means they have her. She's gone, poor girl 840 00:50:58,623 --> 00:51:04,360 She had held up against 3 weeks of unsuccessful interrogation in Paris. 841 00:51:04,429 --> 00:51:07,329 Then, finally, on November 26, 842 00:51:07,398 --> 00:51:12,968 1943, Noor was sent by train to Pforzheim prison in Germany. 843 00:51:13,037 --> 00:51:15,204 For her journey and her time in prison, 844 00:51:15,273 --> 00:51:18,307 Noor was ordered to be kept always in chains, 845 00:51:18,376 --> 00:51:21,177 always isolated from her fellow prisoners. 846 00:51:21,245 --> 00:51:25,481 I'm not aware of any other agent who was treated in that way. 847 00:51:25,550 --> 00:51:28,884 They clearly were concerned that she would try to escape again. 848 00:51:28,953 --> 00:51:33,823 There does seem to be this determination not to give in. 849 00:51:35,760 --> 00:51:39,995 Finally, after almost a year in captivity, 850 00:51:40,064 --> 00:51:43,332 Noor was taken to Dachau, the concentration camp 851 00:51:43,401 --> 00:51:46,268 where thousands of Jews, political prisoners, 852 00:51:46,337 --> 00:51:50,773 and others considered an enemy of the Reich were killed. 853 00:51:50,842 --> 00:51:54,276 So she, of course, feared death. 854 00:51:54,345 --> 00:51:56,579 Every human being fears death, 855 00:51:56,647 --> 00:51:58,914 and no doubt she feared, more than death, 856 00:51:58,983 --> 00:52:04,487 the horrors of the brutality of the Gestapo. 857 00:52:04,555 --> 00:52:11,594 She came face to face with the very worst of reality, 858 00:52:11,662 --> 00:52:14,430 the worst of the world in which we live. 859 00:52:14,499 --> 00:52:16,732 How did she... how did she survive? 860 00:52:16,801 --> 00:52:19,902 How did she make her way through? 861 00:52:19,971 --> 00:52:26,442 I don't know that anyone can quite answer that question. 862 00:52:26,511 --> 00:52:34,511 It... it speaks of a level of faith, of resilience, 863 00:52:37,588 --> 00:52:41,423 of trust in the divine beneficence, 864 00:52:41,492 --> 00:52:49,031 in an assurance that in the end, 865 00:52:49,100 --> 00:52:53,235 when all of this horror is exhausted, 866 00:52:53,304 --> 00:52:56,338 the sun will dawn. 867 00:52:56,407 --> 00:52:58,440 That must have been her faith, 868 00:52:58,509 --> 00:53:01,443 only that faith could have carried her through. 869 00:53:09,620 --> 00:53:12,521 Do come back, little daughter, 870 00:53:12,590 --> 00:53:17,459 the birds sang, the whole world is so sad without you. 871 00:53:17,528 --> 00:53:20,229 The tall trees have lost all their leaves, 872 00:53:20,298 --> 00:53:22,565 so hard have they wept. 873 00:53:22,633 --> 00:53:25,668 The birds sing no more. 874 00:53:25,703 --> 00:53:28,671 Even the great sun is so sad 875 00:53:28,739 --> 00:53:30,940 that if you don't return, little daughter, 876 00:53:31,008 --> 00:53:34,410 he may never come again. 877 00:53:52,997 --> 00:54:00,997 Her message was that the human soul is of the divine source, 878 00:54:01,672 --> 00:54:05,241 that every human being is sacrosanct; 879 00:54:05,309 --> 00:54:07,309 that all people must be free 880 00:54:07,378 --> 00:54:12,548 and that if it requires the sacrifice of one's own life, 881 00:54:12,617 --> 00:54:18,954 then that commonwealth of humanity deserves such a sacrifice. 882 00:54:43,581 --> 00:54:46,682 This program was made possible in part 883 00:54:46,751 --> 00:54:48,684 by the El-Hibri foundation, 884 00:54:48,753 --> 00:54:50,853 embracing faith in humanity. 885 00:54:50,921 --> 00:54:54,623 And the following institutions and individuals. 886 00:55:45,543 --> 00:55:48,911 "Enemy of the Reich" is available on DVD. 887 00:55:48,979 --> 00:55:52,147 To order, visit Shoppbs.Org. 888 00:55:52,216 --> 00:55:56,051 Or call 1-800-play-pbs.