English Subtitle：Jay-Z_MrT @ 六维 英文字幕从第二分钟开始，可能有一点点瑕疵 Thanks for Google's help! Thanks 60 Minutes
Last fall, 17,000 vials of a steroid were shipped to clinics and hospitals in 23 states.
The drug had to be sterile because patients would have it injected into their joints or
their spines to relieve chronic pain. What happened next is the worst pharmaceutical
disaster in decades.
The steroid was contaminated with fungus. Forty-eight people have been killed, 720 are
being treated for persistent fungal infections. The tragedy has exposed a failure in drug
safety. And, in a moment, you will hear the commissioner of the FDA acknowledge that she
can no longer guarantee the safety of many high risk drugs.
The steroid was produced by New England Compounding Center and in the six months since the first
deaths, no one at New England Compounding has revealed what happened. But tonight they
will. As for the victims, this has been an unrelenting horror after just one injection
of lethal medicine.
Julie Otto: I've been in the hospital seven times, total of 75 days. I've missed Thanksgiving
and Christmas and my son's birthday.
Julie Otto is one of 13 injured patients who met us at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital outside
Detroit.
Willard Mazure: I'm on 60 milligrams of morphine a day with no cure in sight. There is no cure
in sight for me.
Willard Mazure's morphine is to kill the pain from the fungal infection. We asked the patients
to sit down in the first two rows and many of them brought family to the auditorium.
Michigan is a hotspot for the toxic steroid, one of 23 states that received the drug from
Massachusetts. St. Joseph Mercy has treated 189 patients -- all of whom endure brutal
anti-fungal drugs.
Willard Mazure: The medicine is just unbearable. You know, they talk about cancer treatments,
and I'm sure they're unbearable too. But this is some unbearable stuff.
This is the fungus. It is a sample that has been grown from the spinal fluid of a patient.
The fungus is a form of mold that attacks bone and nerves. The patients who had it injected
in the spine have an infection called meningitis which can also reach the brain.
Scott Pelley: Have the doctors told any of you that the fungus is gone and you never
have to worry about it again?
Voices: No. Absolutely not. No.
The steroid, methylprednisolone acetate, made by New England Compounding Center, known as
NECC, came from this industrial park near Boston which houses the pharmacy and an outfit
that recycles construction debris -- both owned by the family of Barry Cadden, a pharmacist,
and president of NECC.
Cadden's New England Compounding Center was what's known as a compounding pharmacy. By
law, compounding pharmacies are not allowed to manufacture pharmaceuticals for the mass
market. That would require the oversight of the FDA. Instead, states license compounding
pharmacies to make drugs for individuals. For example, a doctor might order a liquid
form of a medication for a patient who can't swallow a pill. Compounding pharmacies are
bound by one rule: they must have a prescription for each individual patient.
But NECC was shipping tens of thousands of vials from its lab called Clean Room One.
Investigators shot video inside NECC. This is the first time the public has seen it.
And this is the first interview with a technician from Clean Room One.
Joe Connolly: The underlying factor is that the company got greedy and overextended and
we got sloppy, and something happened.
Joe Connolly started in Clean Room One in 2009. He remembers, in 2011, a salesman came
by with a boast and a warning.
Joe Connolly: He was walking through and says, "Oh, I got-- I got a bunch of stuff coming
for you guys. You guys are gonna be busy. You're gonna-- I'm gonna keep you guys movin'."
And that just meant compound it, process it, get it out the door.
Connolly says, over months, the lab was overwhelmed with orders. Output of drugs that he made
increased by a factor of 1,000.
Joe Connolly: We became a manufacturer overnight. So we were basically trying to have the best
of both worlds. It was trying to manufacture without the oversight of a manufacturer. And
it was just, we all got overtaxed and everything.
Which made it harder, he says, to follow the strict procedures that kept drug preparation
sterile.
Scott Pelley: They would occasionally find mold in the clean room?
Joe Connolly: Occasionally. Yes.
Scott Pelley: How often?
Joe Connolly: I would say maybe a dozen times in three years we would find it.
He told us they would clean up and keep moving. But a month before the first steroid death,
he says he warned his supervisor.
Joe Connolly: Something's going to happen. Something's going to get missed. And we're
going to get shutdown.
Scott Pelley: What did you mean by that?
Joe Connolly: We were going to hurt a patient. We were just thinking-- hurt a patient. We
weren't compounding anymore, we were manufacturing.
Scott Pelley: When you went to your supervisor and told him that, he said what?
Joe Connolly: That's verbatim. He shrugged. That was his response for a lot of our questions
or comments or concerns, was a shrug.
Scott Pelley: Meaning?
Joe Connolly: Just do it. He'd-- either he didn't care, or he was powerless to change
it.
NECC was growing explosively and so was the compounding industry. It started in 1998 when
Congress exempted compounding pharmacies from the oversight of the Food and Drug Administration.
The theory was, mixing drugs one prescription at a time shouldn't require federal inspection.
The law passed, over the strong objections of then-FDA Commissioner David Kessler.
Scott Pelley: You as FDA commissioner testified before them and you said, "Don't do this."
David Kessler: If you're not going to have oversight, one day people are going to die.
Scott Pelley: That day's arrived.
David Kessler: This should not happen in 2013. Maybe at the turn of the previous century
where we didn't have institutions like the FDA. There is no reason why people had to
die.
Without FDA supervision compounding took off. State health departments are responsible for
regulating what is now nearly a $2 billion industry. Dr. Margaret Hamburg is FDA commissioner
now and she told us, because of the 1998 law, she doesn't know how many compounders there
are or what they're making.
Scott Pelley: You know, I can just hear the folks at home saying, "Wait a minute. I thought
every pharmaceutical drug in this country was approved by the FDA." And you seem to
be telling me in this interview that that's not the case?
Margaret Hamburg: Well, compounded drugs are not FDA approved.
Scott Pelley: So if a patient goes into a clinic and the doctor or the nurse pulls out
a vial of something, that patient has no way to know whether that drug has been approved
by the FDA or not?
Margaret Hamburg: Well, I think that's right under the current system. And what I think
emerged in the meningitis outbreak was that many patients and their health care providers
didn't realize that they in fact were using a compounded product.
Scott Pelley: As commissioner of the FDA then you can't tell us sitting here now that every
drug being used in the United States is safe and effective?
Margaret Hamburg: No. I really cannot.
It was up to the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy to inspect NECC. Records show occasional problems
with sterility. But the pharmacy passed a board inspection in 2011. Still there is no
indication that the state fully realized how big and dangerous NECC had become. This is
an NECC salesman, speaking for the first time. And we were surprised when he told us how
many hospitals and clinics were clients.
Salesman: Close to 3,000, I'd say.
Scott Pelley: Three thousand clients, all across the country?
Salesman: Yeah.
The salesman asked us to disguise him and not use his name. He fears the connection
to NECC will ruin his career. He left NECC a year before the steroid disaster. He says
he was replaced by a competing salesman. He told us that many of NECC's clients were in
on a fraud at the heart of the company's growth. The law required NECC to have a name on a
prescription so clinics provided names -- any names.
Salesman: Bart Simpson, Homer Simpson, that we-- those ones did raise red flags, and we
told to call our client back, and say, "Hey, give us different names." The follow-up names
would be like a John Doe, Jane Doe, Bill Doe, you know, Jane Smith, Bill Smith, et cetera.
Scott Pelley: These weren't real people?
Salesman: As far as I know. I mean, how many Jane Does and John Does do you know? I mean--
Scott Pelley: And when you got the prescriptions with Bart Simpson's name, and Homer Simpson's
name you went back to that client and said what?
Salesman: Can you please, you know, give us legitimate names, or people that you know?
Sometimes they'd take a phone directory within their office, and scribble out their extensions,
and fax it over to us.
Scott Pelley: It's obvious what was going on, and it was obvious to them?
Salesman: Yeah.
Scott Pelley: That this wasn't above board?
Salesman: Right, I mean, if you're in your position, if you're buyer, and your job is
to save money, and you're going to get a brand name for $40, and we offer you a $20 vial
for the same drug, same size, same everything? What are you going to do? You're going to
go and get two for the price of one, using us. So, they-- most of them knew that. I mean,
some of them wouldn't do business with us. The ones that we didn't have as clients are
the ones that knew, "Hey, you guys can't be doing this. You're not doing it right." And
we'd run into that a lot. But we'd move on to the next one. There's more big fish out
there.
Big fish kept a big sales team busy. But the salesman told us Barry Cadden, the president,
hid that fact during state inspections.
Salesman: So, Barry would notify the managers of the sales team, "Hey, don't let the sales
team either come in today, or if they're already in the building, don't let them leave." If
the FDA went upstairs, or the Board of Pharmacy went up there and saw 30 sales reps making
phone calls, 100 calls a day, they'd wonder what was going on, and why are you so big
when you're supposed to be a mom and pop specialty pharmacy, and you're not?
That sales force sold methylprednisolone to a pain clinic in Michigan which treated George
Cary's wife and Anita Baxter's mother.
Lilian Cary and Karina Baxter were among the first to die. We've pulled together pictures
of about half of the 48 dead. The most recent fatality was last month. Death often comes
when the fungus reaches the brain.
George Cary: By the time the hospital determined that she had suffered a stroke it was too
late.
Karina Baxter: Same here.
George Cary: She died five days later.
Lilian Cary died before doctors figured out what was happening. So, while she was in the
hospital, her husband George decided to do something about a nagging pain in his back.
He went to the same clinic she had. And now the fungus is in him too.
Scott Pelley: What has the treatment been like?
George Cary: You're not able to function. You're not able to concentrate. You, you,
the staff called us the walking zombies.
On September 26th, after patients started dying, state officials came to inspect NECC.
Scott Pelley: What happened that day?
Joe Connolly: We were told that we're being inspected, so, "Everybody stop what you're
doing, start cleaning."
Scott Pelley: So you started cleaning the clean room?
Joe Connolly: Yeah.
Scott Pelley: Now, at this point, there is a federal investigation underway.
Joe Connolly: I did-- we didn't know that.
Scott Pelley: You didn't know that, but the company knew that.
Joe Connolly: I would assume, yeah.
Scott Pelley: A prosecutor investigating this case might consider that to be obstruction
of justice.
Joe Connolly: I would very much agree.
Scott Pelley: The evidence was getting cleaned up.
Joe Connolly: It seemed like it.
Despite the cleanup, the FDA tested 50 left over vials of methylprednisolone and all were
contaminated. They noted the intake for NECC's ventilation was 100 feet from the recycling
plant.
Barry Cadden, New England Compounding's founder was subpoenaed by Congress.
[Barry Cadden: I respectfully decline to answer on the basis of my constitutional rights and
privileges, including the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.]
Scott Pelley: I wonder what you would say to him today.
Patient: I'd hope it'd be through bars. Whatever I said to him I hope it'd be through bars.
After this interview, Willard Mazure lost feeling in both legs. He's back in the hospital
and so is George Cary. Margaret Hamburg, commissioner of the FDA now wants Congress to return authority
over compounding pharmacies to her agency.
Margaret Hamburg: We need clear, strong, consistent federal standards that will be applied across
the board, all 50 states. We need to be able to go in and inspect these facilities and
get access to all of the information that we need.
Scott Pelley: What are the chances of this happening again?
Margaret Hamburg: I'm sad to say that if we do not put in place the comprehensive legislation
that really defines roles and responsibilities, we will have other similar problems.
Barry Cadden and others are targets of a criminal investigation. Cadden declined to be interviewed.
His lawyer told us that Cadden is saddened by all of this, but does not know how the
drug was contaminated. NECC has gone into bankruptcy and we noticed in the court papers
that Cadden and his partners withdrew $16 million from the company over the last year,
some of it as people were beginning to die.
Sheryl Sandberg is the chief operating officer of the social networking giant Facebook -- but
that's not what's putting her in the headlines. She's decided to jump head first into one
of most hotly debated and intensely personal issues out there: women in the workplace.
In a new book that has already touched a nerve, Sandberg proposes a reason for why there are
so few women at the top: the problem she says might just be women themselves. Despite the
fact that women have been getting more college degrees than men for 30 years, they still
account for only four percent of CEOs in America's Fortune 500 companies and Sheryl Sandberg
says that number needs to change.
Sheryl Sandberg: The very blunt truth is that men still run the world.
Norah O'Donnell: But what about the women's revolution?
Sheryl Sandberg: I think we're stalled. I think we're stalled. And I think we need to
acknowledge that we're stalled so that we can change it.
Norah O'Donnell: Are you trying to reignite the revolution?
Sheryl Sandberg: I think so.
Sheryl Sandberg is an unlikely revolutionary. At 43, she is one of the few women at the
top of corporate America, yet she's surprisingly uncomfortable with her own power and influence
- something she has fought since her days at North Miami Beach Senior High, where her
classmates voted her most likely to succeed.
Sheryl Sandberg: And my friend was on the yearbook staff. And I went to find her and
I said, "I do not want to be most likely to succeed."
Norah O'Donnell: What?
Sheryl Sandberg: Most likely to succeed is not the girl who gets a date to the prom.
And I was worried enough about that.
Norah O'Donnell: You were embarrassed?
Sheryl Sandberg: I was embarrassed. My entire life I have been told, you know, or I have
felt that I should hold back on being too successful, too smart, too, you know, lots
of things.
She says that kind of self-doubt isn't unique to her -- it resides deep inside most women,
who learn to downplay their accomplishments at a young age. In her 20 years in the work
place, she says she has noticed a stark difference in the way men and women view their success.
Sheryl Sandberg: Women attribute their success to working hard, luck, and help from other
people. Men will attribute that-- whatever success they have, that same success, to their
own core skills.
Norah O'Donnell: So what do you attribute your success to?
Sheryl Sandberg: I think, you know, my success, if I want to honestly want to attribute it,
it's attributed to a lot of things, some of which really are luck, working hard, and help
from others. Like, I've had--
Norah O'Donnell: What about your core skills?
Sheryl Sandberg: And my core skills. And my core skills. But it is both.
Norah O'Donnell: But Sheryl, you are-- you're one of the most powerful women in the world
and you still can't attribute your success to your own core skills?
Sheryl Sandberg: No, I can s-- I can, more.
It's that mindset that led Sheryl Sandberg to reach the conclusion that's at the heart
of her book: it's not just men who hold women back, women do it to themselves. They play
it too safe at work, worry too much about being liked and turn down opportunities in
anticipation of having a family one day.
Sheryl Sandberg: They start leaning back. They say, "Oh, I'm busy. I want to have a
child one day. I couldn't possibly, you know, take on any more." Or, "I'm still learning
on my current job." I've never had a man say that stuff to me.
Norah O'Donnell: You're suggesting women aren't ambitious.
Sheryl Sandberg: I'm not suggesting women aren't ambitious. Plenty of women are as ambitious
as men. What I am saying, and I want to say it unequivocally and unapologetically, that
the data is clear that when it comes to ambition to lead, to be the leader of whatever you're
doing, men, boys, outnumber girls and women.
Norah O'Donnell: But some women will hear that and say, "Wow, she's telling me I'm not
working hard enough, I'm not trying hard enough. She's blaming women..."
Sheryl Sandberg: Yeah, I'm not blaming women. My message is not one of blaming women. There's
an awful lot we don't control. I am saying that there's an awful lot we can control and
we can do for ourselves to sit at more tables, raise more hands.
[Sheryl Sandberg: Put your foot on that gas pedal and keep it there.]
If there's one message she wants women to hear it's to aim high -- seek challenges and
take risks -- and fight the instinct to hold back.
[Sheryl Sandberg: Do not lean back, lean in.]
It's territory she staked out in this 2011 commencement address that got a lot of attention.
Norah O'Donnell: Is it personal for you?
Sheryl Sandberg: This is deeply personal for me. I want every little girl who someone says
they're bossy to be told instead, "You have leadership skills."
Norah O'Donnell: Because you were told you were bossy?
Sheryl Sandberg: Because I was told that. And because every woman I know who was in
a leadership position was told that.
She's the oldest of three children, a born leader who seemed destined for success. At
Harvard, her economics professor Larry Summers handpicked her to follow him to the World
Bank and then to become his chief of staff when he was Treasury Secretary -- all before
the age of 30. By 2001, she was headed to Silicon Valley where she almost turned down
a job offer from Eric Schmidt, the CEO of a little known start-up called Google.
Sheryl Sandberg: I was supposed to be the first business unit general manager. But there
were no business units. There was nothing to generally manage. And he kind of put his
hand on my paper and he was like, "If you're offered a seat on a rocket ship, you don't
ask what seat. Get on the rocket ship." And I did.
The rocket ship took off into the stratosphere and Sheryl Sandberg had a key role building
Google into the more than $250 billion business it is today. In 2008, Facebook founder Mark
Zuckerberg needed someone to help him run his social network and he offered her the
job. What happened next is an example of where Sandberg says women often go wrong: she almost
accepted the offer, without any negotiating. Her husband Dave Goldberg stepped in.
Sheryl Sandberg: And my husband is, like, "Are you kidding? You can't take the first
offer." I'm like, "Well it's a generous offer and I really want this job." And finally with
Dave there, my brother-in-law looked at me and goes, "You know, goddammit Sheryl, don't
make less than any man would make doing this job. There is no man taking this job who would
take the first offer."
Norah O'Donnell: And Dave, what did you think when she said, "I'm going to just go ahead
and accept it?"
David Goldberg: Oh-- I was-- apoplectic. Apoplectic. "You're going to be running all the negotiations
and deals, like, you can't-- you can't just take the first offer. It'll look bad." Not
because it-- the money mattered so much but it was the principle. I wanted Mark to really
feel he stretched to get Sheryl because she was worth it.
Dave Goldberg knows a thing or two about closing a deal. He's already sold one Internet company
to Yahoo and is now running what looks like another big success. He embodies one more
piece of advice his wife has for women who want to succeed, but it has less to do with
the boardroom than the bedroom.
Sheryl Sandberg: Everyone knows marriage is the biggest personal decision you make. But
it's the biggest career decision you make, if you're going to have a life partner, who
that partner's going to be.
Norah O'Donnell: Well, that just puts more pressure on women.
Sheryl Sandberg: It's more pressure on women to-- if they marry or partner with someone,
to partner with the right person. Because you cannot have a full career and a full life
at home with your children if you are also doing all of the housework and child care.
Norah O'Donnell: Doesn't that kind of take the romance out of everything?
Sheryl Sandberg: You know what? It turns out that a husband who does the laundry, it's
very romantic when you're older. And it's hard to believe when you're younger. But it's
absolutely true. Actually, the studies show this. Husbands who do more housework have
more sex with their wives.
Norah O'Donnell: There are studies that show this?
Sheryl Sandberg: Studies that show this.
David Goldberg: I can hear the men running off to the laundry machine right now.
It's hard to imagine that these two are spending a lot of time doing laundry. They are among
the richest couples in Silicon Valley. But they insist they split their parenting responsibilities
equally, trying to make sure at least one of them is home in time for dinner with their
two young children.
Norah O'Donnell: Do you ever feel guilty about not being around for your children enough?
Sheryl Sandberg: Yeah. I mean, I feel guilty a lot. I compare myself to the women who are,
you know, at-home mothers with their kids. I think I'm a little intimidated, to be totally
honest. And then, I think-- because we all feel a little bit insecure about our own choices
-- we get pitted against each other.
Norah O'Donnell: You think most women feel guilty about the choices that they've made?
Sheryl Sandberg: Every woman I know feels guilty about the choices they are making,
including myself. In fact, I feel so guilty I wrote a whole book about it.
"Lean In" is more than a book for Sheryl Sandberg -- she's hoping to spark a movement online
and in living rooms around the country, where women talk about ways to implement her advice.
Sandberg also hosts parties in her own home to counteract what's been called a boys club
in Silicon Valley.
But some of the very women she hopes will sign on to her movement have been turned off
by her message, saying it's aimed at elite women and places unrealistic expectations
on working moms who can't possibly afford all the household help Sheryl Sandberg can.
Sheryl Sandberg: I am not saying that everyone has the resources or opportunities I have.
I'm not saying that everyone's husband is going to wake up tomorrow, read a book and
start doing his share. Like, that's not what I'm saying. But I am saying that we need to
help women own the power they have, learn how to negotiate for raises, get the pay they
deserve.
Norah O'Donnell: You know, Sheryl, people are going to say, "Oh she's got a charmed
life, She went to Harvard. She's a billionaire."
Sheryl Sandberg: Yep.
Norah O'Donnell: "And she's telling me what I should do?" Do they have a point?
Sheryl Sandberg: I'm not trying to say that everything I can do everyone can do. But I
do believe that these messages are completely universal. The things that hold women back
from sitting at the boardroom table and they hold women back from speaking up at the PTA
meeting.
Norah O'Donnell: You think it's universal? Not just for elite women? I mean, what's a
single mom going to be able to do with this message?
Sheryl Sandberg: Knowing how to ask for a raise successfully, it's probably more important
to her but certainly just as important to her as it is for a woman in the executive
suite.
Norah O'Donnell: And for those who say, "Easy for you to say?"
Sheryl Sandberg: It is easier for me to say this. And that's why I'm saying it.
How Sheryl Sandberg finds the time to say it is a wonder, considering her day job at
Facebook...
[Sheryl Sandberg: So, this is the campus.]
...which on her watch has grown from 500 employees to nearly 5,000, and now has more than one
billion users worldwide.
But the company is still under intense scrutiny after it went public last year. High expectations
came crashing down along with the stock, which at one point lost half its value amid concerns
the company could not maintain its rapid growth. By most accounts, the initial public offering
of the stock was a disaster.
Norah O'Donnell: Was it embarrassing?
Sheryl Sandberg: I don't know if it was embarrassing. It wasn't fun. And it wasn't what we would've
enjoyed having.
Norah O'Donnell: But you're second in command at this company. Do you feel at all any personal
responsibility for how it went?
Sheryl Sandberg: I think we all feel personal responsibility for how everything goes here.
And I feel my job and my commitment to anyone who bought stock whether they bought it at
the IPO or they bought it since is -- it's my job to make this company as valuable as
I possibly can.
The stock has started to rebound. And while Mark Zuckerberg is the creative force behind
Facebook, it's Sheryl Sandberg's job to figure out how to tap its vast advertising potential.
She says she is confident about Facebook's future, but her high profile has fueled speculation
about her own. She says she's not leaving any time soon, but has been vocal about how
few women hold elective office.
Norah O'Donnell: Does it bother you that there hasn't been a woman president of the United
States?
Sheryl Sandberg: Yes. It does.
Norah O'Donnell: Why wouldn't you lean in and run?
Sheryl Sandberg: I mean, for me, I feel like I'm doing all the leaning in that I can do right now.
During his eight years as pope, Benedict XVI carried out thousands of official duties,
but only once did he travel outside Rome to bestow the Vatican's highest honor on a church,
transforming it into a basilica -- a sacred place forever.
Tonight, we're going to take you to that extraordinary church. It's called the Fam¨alia and, if
you've ever been to Barcelona, Spain, you couldn't have missed it. It may be one of
the most spectacular buildings ever constructed by man, the vision of genius Spanish architect,
Antoni Gaud¨a, known as God's architect, who died almost a century ago. It's been under
construction for 130 years and it's still not finished.
Why would a church take so long to build? Because Gaud¨a's design was as complicated
as it was advanced. Today, the Fam¨alia has become the longest running architectural
project on earth.
When Pope Benedict came to the Fam¨alia two years ago, it was the first time mass
had ever been held here. In an ancient tradition as old as the Catholic Church, he consecrated
the Fam¨alia as a basilica.
Not since 1883, when it was envisioned by Antoni Gaud¨a, had it been seen in all its
glory.
Eight hundred voices filled the air, one of the largest choirs in the world and close
to 7,000 people gathered, celebrating a moment that had taken 128 years to arrive.
While the inside is mostly finished, outside there's still much to be done. You can see
the spires and construction cranes for miles.
Watch as this picture moves in from above -- those tiny figures below are people dwarfed
by the massive facade, rising from the main entrance of the church.
Antoni Gaud¨a was profoundly devout and this was his way to make amends to God for
the sins of the modern world.
Gijs van Hensbergen: I mean, he wanted to write the history of the whole of the Catholic
faith in one building. I mean, how crazy and how extraordinary and how ambitious and how,
in a sense, megalomaniac that idea is.
Gijs van Hensbergen immersed himself in Antoni Gaud¨a's life for 10 years and wrote what's
considered the definitive biography. He took us to see the Nativity Facade, the only part
built while Gaud¨a was alive.
Gijs van Hensbergen: It's the Bible written in stone.
Lara Logan: So every single little thing that you look at there, every detail symbolizes
something real?
Gijs van Hensbergen: Yea, and that was the idea, that we together would spend days here,
me teaching you if I was a priest, what the story was and what the symbolism was. And
once you get inside is a wonderful, kind of spiritual boost.
The ceiling is a striking display of Gaud¨a's engineering genius. He wanted the interior
of his church to have the feel of a forest because that's where he believed man could
feel closest to God. And when you look upwards, you can see Gaud¨a's columns branching out
like trees.
Gijs van Hensbergen: Trees are actually buildings, he said. It knows where to throw out a branch.
And if you look at the Fam¨alia today that's exactly what happens with those bizarre, eccentric--
they look bizarre and eccentric but the engineering beneath it is absolutely exceptional.
Van Hensbergen pointed out that, as you move towards the altar, the columns are made from
stronger and stronger stone. Gaud¨a chose red porphyry from Iran, for the ones that
bear the heaviest load, because it's among the strongest in the world.
Lara Logan: If you had to define, sort of, the one thing, that distinguished Gaud¨a
as an architect, what would it be?
Gijs van Hensbergen: The capacity to see space in a totally different way, to make space
explode, to see a building as a sculpture rather than just as a place to live in or
a roof over your head. He's someone who reinvented the language of architecture which no other
architect has ever managed to do.
Lara Logan: How many years ahead of his time was he?
Gijs van Hensbergen: Oh he was a century ahead, he was a century ahead.
Gaud¨a knew the Fam¨alia would not be completed in his lifetime, so he spent years
building these elaborate plaster models. This one is of the church's ceiling. They would
have to act as a guide for future generations of architects to follow his complicated design
and he knew that without them, it would never be finished the way he intended.
[Jordi Bonet: I am very old, but--
Lara Logan: You're very old?
Jordi Bonet: This next month. Yes.
Lara Logan: But?
Jordi Bonet t: 87.]
Gaud¨a's legacy has been in the hands of this man's family for more than 80 years.
Jordi Bonet came here for the first time in 1932, when he was just 7 years old.
Lara Logan: Do you remember what this was like when you first came here?
Jordi Bonet: Yes.
Lara Logan: Was it nothing like this?
Jordi Bonet: Nothing of this - only this facade, the walls. And the other facade. This was
nothing.
For years, the Fam¨alia was little more than a ruin, a pile of rubble and open sky.
And it may have stayed that way were it not for this one family.
This is Jordi Bonet's father who was one of the lead architects here for more than 40
years. Jordi followed him as chief architect for almost three decades. And his daughter
Mariona is an architect here today. Together, they've spent more time working on this church
than Gaud¨a himself.
Jordi Bonet: It is one way to give something to the world.
Lara Logan: This is your way to give something to the world?
Jordi Bonet: Yes, yes.
The devotion to Gaud¨a runs deep here. Japanese sculptor Etsuro Sotoo has spent 35 years in
this church and this is where he expects to be for the rest of his life, sculpting the
figures that adorn Gaud¨a's final masterpiece, consumed by the man and his vision.
Etsuro Sotoo (translator): Gaud¨a teaches me and helps me solve problems in my work.
For me, he's not dead.
Lara Logan: Why did you convert to Catholicism? You became a Catholic.
Etsuro Sotoo (translator): I was a Buddhist. But after working here, I realized I couldn't
do my job without knowing Gaud¨a, and to know him you have to be in the place he was,
and that was a world of faith.
Gaud¨a's deep faith is the reason he became known as God's architect. This is one of the
few photographs ever taken of him. He was 31 when he started working on the Fam¨alia.
And over the next 43 years, it became an obsession.
Gijs van Hensbergen: He looked like a homeless person. His trousers were held up with string.
His clothes were kind of frayed, and-- Because all he was interested in was the Fam¨alia.
I mean that was every waking hour. To the point at the end of his life, actually, where
he was sleeping on the site.
Gaud¨a died suddenly at this intersection, in 1926, when he was hit by a tram. The driver
pushed him aside, mistaking the beloved architect for a tramp.
Gijs van Hensbergen: The photos show you these people kind of bereft of their builder. The
builder of God.
After his death, the builder of God's plaster models continued to guide construction for
the next 10 years, until 1936, when the Spanish Civil War broke out.
Anarchists attacked the Fam¨alia. This photo captures smoke billowing from its sides. All
those models Gaud¨a had spent years building were smashed to pieces.
Lara Logan: Wow, these are all the original pieces that were picked up from his studio?
Mark Burry: Yup, and they've been sort of painstakingly identified.
These shattered fragments were rescued from the rubble and ashes by Jordi Bonet's father
and a team of architects. There are thousands of them locked away inside this room in the
Fam¨alia. They are the structural DNA of Gaud¨a's church.
Mark Burry: They are absolutely the link. Not a vague link, not a, a source of evidence,
it's the source of evidence.
New Zealander Mark Burry was studying architecture at Cambridge University in England when he
first came to the Fam¨alia on a backpacking trip in 1977.
He'd come at just the right moment. The architects were stuck. The second facade had just been
completed and they were ready to take on the main body of the church, but no one could
figure out how to build it as Gaud¨a intended.
Mark Burry: They just showed me boxes and boxes and boxes of broken models. And explained
that these models had the secrets.
Lara Logan: What were you going to do that they couldn't do?
Mark Burry: My task was to actually reverse engineer the models, if you like.
Reverse engineer them so he could understand how Gaud¨a's models were supposed to fit
together, almost like the pieces of a complex puzzle. He told us Gaud¨a's design was so
advanced there was nothing like it in the language of architecture at the time. In the
end, he turned to the most sophisticated aeronautical design software available.
Mark Burry: We had to look to other professions who've actually tackled the complexities of
the Fam¨alia, which are basically complex shapes and surfaces so that's the vehicle
industry: the car designers, the ship designers, the plane designers. They've been grappling
for decades with the very same issues that Gaud¨a was putting up as architectural challenges.
Lara Logan: So you are using the most up to date aeronautical engineering software to
complete something that he conceived of in the late 1800's.
Mark Burry: Absolutely.
After 34 years, Mark Burry is now one of the lead architects. He took us up to their construction
site in the sky, way above the city. From up here, you can see all the way to the Mediterranean.
Lara Logan: How did they build these towers a 130 years ago?
Mark Burry: They built them by hand.
Lara Logan: Every piece?
Mark Burry: No cranes, just hard labor. Wooden scaffolding, and the men would have to sort
of climb 2-300 feet up each day to do the work. And then they'd have to pull all the
materials up.
Today, massive cranes swing heavy equipment and materials across the sky, constructing
the Fam¨alia precisely as Gaud¨a envisioned. Burry says they still rely on Gaud¨a's models
to guide them, nearly a hundred years later.
Mark Burry: What's extraordinary is because of the system that Gaud¨a put in place using
these particular geometries. It all fits within fractions of an inch.
The spot where we're standing is where they're building Gaud¨a's central tower. At 566
feet, it will make this the tallest church on earth. Gaud¨a designed it to be three
feet shorter than the tallest surrounding mountain in deference to God.
Lara Logan: When you finish this tower it's going to be double where we are right now?
Mark Burry: We're going to get this view amplified by two.
Mark Burry says it will take at least another 13 years to finish the Fam¨alia, which is
paid for entirely by donations to the church.
During the pope's visit, Jordi Bonet was called on to represent the three generations of architects,
engineers and sculptors who have brought Gaud¨a's vision this far.
Lara Logan: Do you think you will see this complete?
Jordi Bonet: This is very difficult to answer. My age is a big age. But it is possible.
Lara Logan: Do you have any doubt in your mind that this will be finished one day?
Jordi Bonet: Oh yes, I believe.